The basic fertilizer for spring crops is nothing more than two kinds of single fertilizer and compound fertilizer. In recent years, from the early rice in the south, single-season rice to spring maize, cotton and soybean in the north, more than half of the rural households have used compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. How to select the appropriate compound fertilizer for different regions and crops?
It has been observed that there are two aspects of the current compound fertilizer market that should be noted: On the one hand, the types and types of compound fertilizers on the market are complex and the composition is complex. Second, the prices of compound fertilizers have risen sharply. For example, the general-purpose 45% (15-15-15) compound fertilizers will increase by an average of 50 yuan per bag, which will significantly increase the production cost of spring crops. In order to plan a plan for increasing fertilizer production and increasing income, compound fertilizer must be selected scientifically and carefully.
To play the advantages of compound fertilizers, to overcome its limitations. As we all know, the basic advantage of compound fertilizer compared to simple fertilizer is that a single basal fertilizer can supply two or three of the N, P, and K nutrients at the same time, which saves labor for fertilization and reduces production costs. It solved the technical difficulties for farmers to purchase various single fertilizers and then mixed and compound fertilizers. This is why compound fertilizers have been developing vigorously along with the modernization of agriculture. However, the content and ratio of NPK in any compound fertilizer are certain, but the crops in China's agricultural production in different areas are various. Therefore, simply pursuing general-purpose compound fertilizers with a high concentration and a nutrient ratio of 1:1:1 clearly does not meet the principle of growers' careful calculation. In the case of compound fertilizers with high concentrations of 51% (17-17-17), 48% (16-16-16) and 45% (15-15-15), for example, the cost of phosphorus and potassium is too high. The use of food crops can easily lead to the waste of phosphorus and potassium, thereby increasing costs and reducing benefits. Some other special-purpose compound fertilizers based on certain formula fertilization not only contain N, P, and K nutrients, but also their nutrient-distribution ratios have been adjusted specifically for different soils and crops, especially for higher-priced phosphorus and potassium inputs. A reasonable amount of adjustments will help reduce production costs and improve efficiency.
For the principle of selection of the total nutrient content of compound fertilizers, the medium-strength model may be considered as the main factor in food crops, that is, the total nutrients shall be 30% to 40%, taking into account the fixed-point formula fertilizers in the agricultural departments of the region. Most of these fertilizers are medium-intensity compound fertilizers. Due to the fact that the ratio of nutrition to distribution is relatively low, the transportation radius is small, the cost is low, and the selling price is reasonable. In comparing the choices of whether the selling price is reasonable or not, it is generally based on the selling price of pure nutrients per unit, rather than the selling price of compound fertilizer in kind. Farmers' friends must adjust the principles of fertilizer selection.
High nitrogen compound fertilizer selection principles. The total nutrient content of high-tower granulated compound fertilizer characterized by high nitrogen is generally above 40%, nitrogen content is high, generally 18% to 30%, and the phosphorus and potassium nutrients are low. The application practice in the past two years shows that the cost of unit nutrients for high nitrogen compound fertilizer is high, and the safety of agricultural use is not high. High-nitrogen compound fertilizer is mainly used as a carrier for one-time fertilization. However, a suitable one-time fertilization area is the spring maize production belt in the black soil region of Northeast China. Here the low average temperature, low rainfall and concentration in summer, high soil fertility, strong fertilizer and water retention capacity, one-time application of basal fertilizer before sowing of spring corn, local also known as "a shelling", in normal years can be medium or relatively high production. In the rainy years, the defertilization will result in lower yield. As for other regions such as Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other provinces of spring corn is not suitable for one-time application of high nitrogen compound fertilizer. Further south to the Yangtze River basin or South China, it is even less suitable for one-time fertilization.
In short, the selection of compound fertilizers depends not only on the output after application, but also on the ratio of output to input, and it is equally important to increase production and increase income. When purchasing compound fertilizer varieties, simply looking at nutrient content or fertilizer prices is not comprehensive.
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