The expert group of Soil Testing, Fertilization and Formula Fertilization of the Ministry of Agriculture formulated the “Guidelines for the Scientific Fertilization of Main Crops in the Summer of 2011†based on the characteristics of fertilizer requirements for major crops in the summer and the results of soil testing and fertilization projects, guiding localities to determine different regions according to local conditions. Different crops are economically and rationally fertilized, and fertilization is optimized. Scientific fertilization methods are used to increase fertilizer utilization.
I. Guiding Opinions on Scientific Fertilization of Southern Double-cropping Late Rice
1. Principles of fertilization (1) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, apply it in stages, appropriately reduce basic fertilizer, increase tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of basal fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen."
(3) Increase organic fertilizers and promote straw return.
(4) According to the soil potassium status, efficient application of potassium fertilizer; pay attention to the application of zinc, boron and silicon fertilizer.
2. Fertilizing amount and proportion (1) In the field where the target output is more than 500 kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (concentration, the same below) 12 to 14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 to 5 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 5 to 7 kg/mu; target field 400 to 500 kg/mu, applying nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10 to 12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3 to 4 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 4 to 6 kg / Mu; field plots with a yield below 400 kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8 to 10 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 2 to 3 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2 to 3 kg/mu.
(2) 40% to 50% of total nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20% to 30% is divided into tiller fertilizer, and 30% is used as panicle fertilizer; phosphate fertilizer is all used as base fertilizer; Potash fertilizer is generally used as base fertilizer; target output is 500 kg/mu or more In the plots, 70% of potash fertilizer was used as base fertilizer and 30% was used as panicle fertilizer.
(3) The amount of potash fertilizer can be appropriately reduced in the field where the straw is returned to the field all the year round; zinc deficiency and boron-deficient fields are supplemented with 1 kg/mu of zinc sulfate and borax, respectively; proper application of silicon fertilizer is generally about 10 kg/mu.
3. Notes (1) Straw returned to field. After the early rice harvest, all the straws were spread directly and evenly in situ, and the base fertilizer and the straw composting agent were applied immediately after irrigation for 5 to 7 days. No-tillage tillage or rotary ploughing was used to plough the field and insert the late rice. The average straw per mu The amount of land is also 300-400kg.
(2) Acid soil improvement. In the field of soil pH 5.5 with lime or alkaline soil conditioner, the general application of lime 50 ~ 70 kg / acre.
(3) Increase plough layer thickness. In the field where the plough layer is thin, deep plowing measures should be taken to break the bottom layer of the plough. In over-fertile fields or lagooning rice fields, ridge cultivation measures should be adopted to increase the effective plough layer and to coordinate the water, fertilizer and gas heat to promote rice. Grow.
II. Guidance on scientific fertilization for double-cropping late rice in South China
1. Principles of fertilization (1) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the amount of nitrogen applied in the early stage, increase the amount of nitrogen applied in the middle and later stages, and increase the nitrogen use efficiency.
(2) Reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, organic and inorganic coordination, and promotion of rice straw return.
2. Fertilizing amount and proportion (1) In the case of 450-550 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is recommended to be 9-11 kg/mu, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) is 2-3 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 5-8 kg. /mu.
(2) The nitrogenous fertilizers are divided into sub-applications, the basic fertilizer accounts for 40% to 50%, the tiller fertilizer accounts for 20% to 25%, the panicle fertilizer accounts for 20% to 30%, the granular fertilizer accounts for 5% to 10%, and all organic and phosphorus fertilizers are applied. 60% of potash is used as base fertilizer and 40% is used as panicle fertilizer.
(3) The amount of potash fertilizer can be reduced by 30% as per year. 3. Precautions (1) Acid soil improvement. In the field of soil pH 5.5 with lime or alkaline soil conditioner, the general application of lime 50 ~ 70 kg / acre.
(2) Straw returned to field. After the early rice harvest, all the straws are directly spread evenly in situ, and the base fertilizer and the straw decomposing agent are applied at the same time and the irrigation water is poured into the fields for 5 to 7 days. No-tillage tillage or rotary ploughing is used to plough the field and insert the late rice. The amount of straw returned is 300. ~ 400kg/mu.
III. Guidance on Scientific Fertilization for Summer Maize in North China Plain
1. Principles of fertilization (1) According to the result of soil testing and formula fertilization, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer shall be controlled and the stage shall be controlled.
(2) According to the soil potassium status, efficient application of potassium fertilizer; pay attention to zinc and other trace elements with the application.
(3) Advocate returning straw and fertilizing fertility.
(4) Deep application of fertilizer, combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilizer amount and proportion (1) In the field where the target yield is 800 kg/mu or more, it is recommended that nitrogen fertilizer (N) be 16-18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-8 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 5-8 kg. / Mu, zinc sulfate 1 ~ 2 kg / mu; yield level 600 ~ 800 kg / acre field, recommended nitrogen fertilizer (N) 14 ~ 16 kg / acre, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 ~ 6 kg / acre, potassium fertilizer (K2O ) 4 to 7 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 1 to 2 kg/mu; production level 400 to 600 kg/mu field, recommended nitrogen (N) 12 to 14 kg/mu, phosphate (P2O5) 3 to 5 kg/kg Mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 0-5 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 1 kg/mu; yield below 400 kg/mu, recommended nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10-12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 2-3 Kilograms per mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 0-3 kg/mu.
(2) 30% to 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is basal fertilizer or top-dressing fertilizer, 50% to 70% is used as top dressing and top-dressing fertilizer, and when the total nitrogen (N) amount exceeds 14 kg/mu, the fertilizer is applied twice. When the amount is relatively low, it is only used as a large bell-mouth fertilizer. Phosphorus, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are all used as base fertilizer. For crops with more phosphorus or more soil available phosphorus, the amount of phosphate fertilizer should be reduced appropriately.
3. Matters needing attention wheat straw returned to the field. The wheat straw is turned into soil with a tillage machine and the depth of pressure is 810 cm. If it is a second-cropping area in one year, the rotary tillage machine can be used to complete straw returning and summer crop sowing.
IV. Northern potato scientific fertilization guidance
1. Fertilization Principles (1) Increase organic fertilizers and promote organic and inorganic coordination.
(2) According to soil fertility conditions, appropriate reduction of nitrogen fertilizer.
(3) Nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied in stages, and the proportion and dosage of mid-fertility should be appropriately increased.
(4) The application of fertilizers to potatoes in arid areas in the north should be combined with irrigation techniques and comprehensive cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilizing amount and proportion (1) Using sprinkler irrigation or conventional irrigation technology, the target yield of potato tubers is 2000-2500 kg/mu, 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer in Mushi, 15-18 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), and 6-8 phosphate fertilizer (P2O5). Kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 18 to 20 kg.
(2) Using drip irrigation technology, when the target output of the potato block is 2000-2500 kg/mu, on the basis of 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer applied in Mushi, 13-15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and 5-6 kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) will be applied. (K2O) 15 to 18 kg.
(3) Under non-irrigated conditions, when the target potato yield is 1000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 7-8 kg, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) is 3-4 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 8-10 kg.
(4) Using sprinkler irrigation and conventional irrigation, 30% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as seed fertilizer, 60% is used in budding stage, 10% is used in blooming stage; phosphate fertilizer is used as seed fertilizer; potassium fertilizer is all used as base fertilizer or base recovery (current Bud period) half and half. Using drip irrigation technology, 10% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the seedling stage, 80% is applied in split flowering stages to full flowering stage, 10% is applied at the end of full bloom, phosphate fertilizers are all used as seed fertilizers, potassium fertilizers can be applied in divided times, and the center of gravity is more appropriate than nitrogen fertilizer. shift. The fertilizer used for drip fertilization should be good soluble fertilizer.
V. Banana Scientific Fertilization Guidance
1. Principles of fertilization (1) The principle of “deep diligence, focusing on key applications†must be implemented in fertilization regulation.
(2) With the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, potassium fertilizer should be reused and nitrogen supply should be controlled during the latter half of banana growth.
(3) In the period of fertilization, we should grasp the principle of the new and old banana gardens, and apply new techniques to the new planting garden to promote Miaofei, Gongfeifei, Feifei and Zhuangguofei; focus on the Peregrine Garden. Bud fertilizer, attacking bud fertilizer, promoting bud fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer.
(4) With fertilization and irrigation, the use of irrigation and fertilization techniques can, where appropriate, reduce the fertilizer input by 30%.
(5) Increase the number and frequency of application of foliar fertilizers to meet the demand of banana microelements and microelements; increase the use of lime to regulate soil pH, supplement calcium nutrients and kill harmful bacteria.
2. Fertilizer amount and proportion (1) The banana plantation with a per mu yield of 5,000 kg or more applies organic fertilizer at 3 to 5 square meters/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) at 45 to 55 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) at 17 to 25 kg/mu, and potash fertilizer ( K2O) 90-110 kg/mu; 3,000 to 5,000 kg per mu plant, 3 man/ha organic fertilizer, 30-45 kg/mu nitrogen fertilizer (N), 8-15 kg/mu phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5), potash fertilizer (K2O) 60-90 kg/mu; banana plantation below 3,000 kg per mu, applying organic fertilizer 3 squares/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18 to 30 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6 to 8 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 33 to 47 kg/mu.
(2) Acid soil improvement. Prior to planting, 30-60 kg of lime per mu, 25-30 kg of magnesium sulfate were used, mixed with organic fertilizer, and then applied; the orchard lacking boron and zinc was applied with 0.5-0.75 kg of borax and 1-1.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu.
(3) Fertilizers account for 30% of total fertilization in the growing period, 40% to 45% in the bud, and 25% to 30% in the fruit development period. The frequency of banana fertilization is 12~15 times throughout the year, 4~5 times of heavy fertilizer and 7~10 times of thin fertilizer. The use of water and fertilizer integration can increase the frequency of fertilization.
3. Late Fertilizer Application Management
(1) Fertilizer management due to growing conditions.
(2) Newly planted banana plantation Zhuang Lei Fei applies 90 kg of urea per acre, about 120 kg of potassium chloride, or 200 kg of low-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer with equivalent nutrients, which is divided into 4 to 5 applications. Once; strong fruit fertilizer urea 20 kg per kilogram, potassium chloride 50 kilograms, calcium nitrate 20 kilograms, divided into 2 applications.
(3) Spring planting bananas in the transplanting, the end of May, July to August flower bud differentiation period, November strong fruit fertilizer is the key to fertilization, should focus on the allocation, a small number of multiple fertilization; Xiaqiu planting in late October, early March in early March The flower bud differentiation period from May to July is the critical period of fertilization.
(4) Pay attention to the integrated management of water and fertilizer. The trace elements boron and zinc are mainly supplemented by foliar fertilization, spraying 3 to 4 times during the whole growth period, and spraying once at 22 leaves, 28 leaves, 32 leaves, and 38 leaves.
Sixth, vegetable science fertilization guidance (a) processing tomatoes in the northwest
1. Principles of fertilization (1) Increase organic fertilizers and promote organic and inorganic application.
(2) According to the soil nutrient conditions, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be appropriately reduced to increase the proportion of potash fertilizer in the base fertilizer.
(3) Promote the integration of water and fertilizer technologies for drip irrigation under film. The use of drip irrigation under film techniques can reduce the amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers by 1/4 to 1/3 compared to general irrigation techniques.
(4) In the early stage of the results, appropriate amounts of topdressing or spraying boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer were applied.
2. Fertilizer amount and proportion (1) General furrow irrigation tomato plant, when the target yield is 8000 kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18 to 20 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8 to 10 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 15 to 18 Kilograms per mu; When the target output is 6000-8000 kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 16-18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7-9 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 10-12 kg/mu; In the case of 4000-6000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is applied at 14 to 16 kg/mu, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) is 6 to 8 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 8 to 10 kg/mu.
(2) Under drip irrigation in tomato field, when the target yield is 8000 kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12 to 15 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7 to 8 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8 to 10 kg/mu. When the target output is 6000-8000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is applied to 9-12 kg/mu, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) is 6-7 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 7-9 kg/mu, and the target output is 4000-6000. In the case of kilograms/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10 to 12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5 to 6 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 6 to 8 kg/mu.
(3) For furrow irrigation tomato, 40% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 30% for top-dressing, and 30% for top-dressing fruit; phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all used as base fertilizer. Under the film drip irrigation tomato, 20% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 80% is used as top dressing, and the first nitrogen fertilizer is recovered from the first ear during flowering, followed by 5 to 7 days, 6 times in succession, and 3 times in each top dressing. The amount accounts for 15% to 20% of the total amount of nitrogen, and the amount of topdressing each time accounts for 10% to 15% of the total amount of nitrogen; each of the phosphate and potassium fertilizers is used as the base fertilizer. If there are good soluble phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the membrane Under drip irrigation conditions, about 40% of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be used as topdressing.
(4) The results of the initial spraying of boron and calcium fertilizer foliar, each with borax 0.05 kg / acre, water-soluble calcium fertilizer 0.15 kg / acre, three times in a row; full flowering foliar spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1 ~ 2 times, each dose is 1 kg/mu.
(b) Radish
1. Principles of fertilization (1) Optimize the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers based on soil fertility and target yield, paying particular attention to adjusting nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, and increasing potassium fertilizer.
(2) Northern calcareous soil has low content of effective manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum and other trace elements, and attention should be paid to the supplement of trace elements.
(3) Appropriate application of organic fertilizer can significantly improve the yield and quality of radish, but avoid using organic fertilizers that are not fully decomposed and promote the use of commercial organic fertilizers and decomposed farmyard manure.
2. Fertilizer amount and proportion (1) When the target yield is 4500 to 5000 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 2 to 3 square meters/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15 to 18 kg/mu, and phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5 to 7 kg/mu. Potassium fertilizer (K2O) 12 to 14 kg/mu; yield level 2500 to 3000 kg/mu, application of organic fertilizer 2 to 3 quarts/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10 to 13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 to 6 kg / Acre, Potassium Fertilizer (K2O) 10-12kg/mu; Yield Level 1000-1500kg/Mu, Apply Organic Fertilizer 1～2/Acre, Nitrogen Fertilizer(N) 6～9kg/Mu, Phosphate Fertilizer(P2O5)3 ~ 5 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8 ~ 10 kg/mu. If the basal fertilizer is not applied with organic fertilizer, it is advisable to increase nitrogen fertilizer (N) by 3 to 4 kg/mu and potassium fertilizer (K2O) by 2 to 3 kg/mu.
(2) All organic fertilizers were used as basal fertilizers; 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, and 70% were used as top dressing in rosette stage and 2 times in the early stage of fleshy root growth; phosphate fertilizer was all used as base fertilizer; potash fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, or 2/ 3 as basal fertilizer, 1/3 in the early stage of fleshy root growth.
(3) Boron-depleted blocks, 1 kg of borax per acre before sowing, or 0.1% to 0.5% of borax or boric acid aqueous solution (which can also be mixed with pesticides sprayed) at the middle and late stages of radish growth, every 5 to 6 Spray once a day, even spray 2 or 3 times.
(c) Carrots
1. Fertilization Principles (1) Carrot Fertilization should follow the principle of combining basal fertilizer with supplementation of top dressing, combining organic and inorganic elements, and combining nutrient elements of large quantities of elements with nutrients of trace elements.
(2) Pay attention to the application of high-quality organic fertilizers. You can use high-potash ash, poultry, livestock manure, and rapeseed cakes, etc. Do not use organic fertilizers that are not fully decomposed.
(3) Potassium fertilizers are highly applied according to the soil potassium status, and attention should be paid to the supplementation of trace elements in calcium, boron, molybdenum, etc.
2. Fertilizer Amount and Ratio (1) When the target output is 4000 kg/mu or more, apply organic fertilizer 3 to 4 m3/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 11 to 14 kg/mu, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) 5 to 6 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer ( K2O) 16 to 18 kg/mu; when the yield level is 2500 to 4000 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 2 to 3 square meters/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8 to 11 kg/mu, and phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 to 5 kg/kg. Mu and Potassium Fertilizers (K2O) 13~15 kg/mu; when the production level is below 2500 kg/Mu, the application of organic fertilizer is 1-2 square meters/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 6-8 kg/mu, and phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) 3~ 4 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 10~13 kg/mu.
(2) All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers were used as base fertilizer; 30% to 50% of the total nitrogen fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, and the rest was applied as top dressing twice; 2/3 of the total potassium fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, and 1/3 was applied in the early growth stage. .
(3) In the 25-30 days before harvest, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 kg plus 100 kg of water is used for extra-root dressing; for the boron-depleted soil, the concentration of each spray is 0.2% in the seedling stage, rosette stage and fleshy root expansion stage. About the borax solution; spraying molybdenum-molybdate solution with 0.05% to 0.1% concentration on molybdenum-deficient soil twice.
(D) Chili peppers
1. Principles of fertilization (1) Pay attention to the application of high-quality organic fertilizers, the combination of organic and inorganic elements, and the combination of macronutrients and nutrients in trace elements.
(2) Control the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially in the flowering period (from the opening of the first flower to the fruiting period of the second fruit) Pay attention to the control of nitrogen fertilizer application to prevent flowering, defoliation and fruit drop.
(3) Timely application of quick-acting fertilizers in young fruit and harvest period will promote the expansion of young fruit and promote the growth of the next batch of fruit.
(4) avoid wet soil dressing, bogey at noon high temperature fertilizer, avoid too concentrated dressing.
2. Fertilizer amount and proportion (1) When the target output is above 4,000 kg/mu, apply 2 to 3 squares/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 18 to 20 kg/mu of nitrogen (N), 5 to 6 kg/mu of phosphate (P2O5), and potassium fertilizer. (K2O) 13 to 15 kg/mu; when the yield level is 2000 to 4000 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 1 to 2 square meters/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15 to 18 kg/mu, and phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 to 5 kg. / Acre, Potassium Fertilizer (K2O) 10-12 kg/mu; Below 2000 kg/Mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10-12 kg/mu, Phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) 3-4 kg/mu, Potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8 to 10 kg/mu.
(2) All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers; 30% to 40% of total nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the rest is applied 4 to 5 times; 50% to 60% of total potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 40% to 50% For top dressing.
(3) Acidic soil can use lime to adjust soil acidity and alkalinity during the soil preparation, and at the same time supplement calcium. Phosphate fertilizer uses calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. When the symptoms of calcium deficiency in plants and fruits can be sprayed with 0.3% calcium chloride solution; when magnesium deficiency symptoms appear, spraying 1% to 2% magnesium sulfate solution; when the symptoms of boron deficiency can be sprayed with 0.2% borax solution . Foliar fertilizer once every other week, 2 or 3 times.
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