Cold spring and late spring frost are two common weather phenomena that can severely affect early-season crops. Low-temperature cold injury typically occurs between March and April, causing damage such as rotting, seedling death, flower drop, and plant wilting. Late spring frost, on the other hand, usually happens in mid-April, leading to surface frost that harms growing vegetables. Based on my own field experience, I would like to share some effective preventive measures to protect crops from these cold events:
1. **Gradual Hardening Off of Seedlings**: After the seedlings have emerged, it's important to start ventilating the seedbeds. As temperatures gradually rise, increase the ventilation volume. This process helps the seedlings adapt to outdoor conditions and improves their cold resistance through controlled exposure to lower temperatures.
2. **Enhance Protective Facilities**: There are two main methods to strengthen protection. First, build wind barriers to block cold air and reduce surface cooling. Second, use trench planting and cover with mulch. When planting vegetables in early spring, dig trenches deeper than the height of the seedlings, then cover them with plastic film to provide extra insulation.
3. **Temporary Warming Measures**: When a cold front arrives, you can use simple coal stoves or electric lights inside greenhouses or production sheds to raise the temperature and prevent frost damage.
4. **Watering with Well Water**: During strong cold spells, if the weather is clear and windless at night, and temperatures drop rapidly—especially below 0°C—pouring well water over the ground can help raise the temperature and reduce frost impact.
5. **Fumigation for Frost Protection**: On frost nights, fumigation in the fields can be very effective. However, two key points should be considered: the smoke must be dense enough to cover the entire area, and the lighting should be done from the upwind side between midnight and 2:00 AM, continuing until sunrise. This ensures a continuous smoke screen that protects the crops.
6. **Spraying Water Before Frost**: Just before a frost event, spraying water on the plant surfaces using a sprayer can increase atmospheric humidity. As the water vapor condenses, it releases heat, helping to reduce the impact of frost on the plants.
7. **Timely Cultivation**: Cultivating the soil before a frost can also help minimize damage. In spring, as temperatures gradually rise, loosening the soil allows better absorption and storage of solar heat. When frost strikes, this stored heat can help alleviate its effects.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of cold damage and protect their crops during vulnerable periods. Each method has its own advantages and should be applied based on local conditions and crop types.
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