The use of computerized egg incubation technology involves replacing the natural hatching process by using specialized machines instead of breeding pigeons. This approach allows the parent pigeons to avoid the stressful hatching period, which can help shorten the interval between egg-laying cycles and increase overall egg production. It also reduces the risk of broken or cold eggs caused by factors such as temperature fluctuations, humidity changes, rodent activity, human interference, or other disturbances. As a result, this method significantly improves both the fertility rate and hatching success.
To implement this technique effectively, it is crucial to follow specific guidelines based on the biological characteristics of pigeon eggs and the developmental stages of the embryos. A small trial should be conducted first, and only after several successful batches can large-scale operations begin. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the process:
Eggs should be collected daily either after 8 p.m. or before 10 a.m. the next day. All eggs laid by the breeding pigeons must be removed at this time. Collecting them too early or too late can negatively affect hatching outcomes. When removing the eggs, make sure to take the nesting material along as well to prevent the nest from being disturbed and affecting future laying. It's also important to keep accurate records of when each egg was laid and mark them accordingly for tracking purposes.
Only high-quality eggs should be selected for incubation. Avoid using double-yolked eggs, very small or misshapen eggs, sand-shelled eggs, cracked eggs, or those that appear sickly. Store the selected eggs in a dry, well-ventilated area with a temperature between 10°C and 20°C and a relative humidity of about 45%. The shelf life of these eggs should not exceed 3 to 5 days.
Maintaining detailed hatching records is essential. Track the number of eggs placed in the incubator, the number of unhatched eggs, dead embryos, weak chicks, and successfully hatched chicks. These records help monitor the health of the eggs and allow timely adjustments to improve fertility and hatching rates.
Incubation typically begins around 10 a.m. Place the eggs in the tray with the pointed end down. Maintain a temperature of 37.8°C to 38.3°C and a humidity level of 40% to 50%. Turn the eggs every two hours. After 15 to 16 days, move the eggs to the hatching tray, where the temperature is slightly lower (around 37.3°C) and no longer turn them. A fine mesh layer should be placed in the hatching tray to protect the hatchlings' legs from injury.
Eggs are usually incubated in batches over 3 to 5 days. The first inspection occurs immediately after placement, and any un-hatched eggs are removed promptly. A second check is done at the 10-day mark, and the final check is at 15 to 16 days. During this time, remove any weak, dead, broken, or cracked eggs to prevent contamination and ensure a clean environment for the developing embryos.
If eggs remain outside the incubator for more than 12 days, they should be warmed to 30°C before returning them to the machine. This practice can greatly enhance hatching success.
It’s also important to understand that the upper layer of the incubator tends to be warmer than the lower layers. Pigeon embryos generate heat during the 8th to 11th days of development, so the temperature needs to be gradually reduced. Therefore, new eggs should be placed on the top layer, while older ones are moved to lower positions. Alternating egg placements can optimize hatching results without requiring complex temperature control.
After 17 days, hatchlings will begin to emerge. Once they are dry, they can be carefully removed every 3 to 4 hours. Clear out any remaining eggshells and collect the embryos to prevent suffocation from empty shells. A final shell removal should be done after 8 hours of hatching.
Lastly, always clean and disinfect all tools, trays, and materials used in the hatching process. Regular maintenance and sanitation of the incubator are critical to preventing contamination and ensuring consistent hatching performance. During the entire incubation period, proper ventilation is also important—start with low airflow and gradually increase it as the embryos develop.
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