Pleurotus is a low-to-medium yield mushroom that is highly sensitive to temperature. Its mycelium can adapt to a wide range of temperatures, surviving between 4°C and 37°C. However, the optimal growth temperature for the mycelium is between 23°C and 28°C. During the maturation phase, the ideal temperature for the mycelium is 5°C to 30°C, while the fruiting stage requires a temperature range of 0°C to 25°C. In the early stages of growth, the bud formation occurs best at 8°C to 13°C, and in the later stages, young mushrooms thrive at around 15°C. It's clear that the fruiting body of Pleurotus nebrodensis needs a gradual shift from lower to higher temperatures to achieve optimal development.
Another key feature of Bailing mushroom is that its mycelium requires a long post-maturation period to reach physiological maturity. Unlike oyster mushrooms, which can fruit directly after full mycelial colonization, Bailing mushroom must go through an extended maturation phase before it can produce fruiting bodies. This process typically takes about 60 days, with some strains requiring up to 80 days. This lengthy cycle makes production planning difficult and reduces overall efficiency. To address this, artificial techniques have been developed to shorten the maturation period while maintaining high quality and yield. The core method involves controlling the temperature during the post-ripening stage. Initially, the temperature is raised to 30°C for about 10 days to promote full hyphal development, then lowered to 0°C to 10°C for 15 days to create unfavorable conditions that encourage the hyphae to enter a protective state. This helps accelerate the transition into reproductive growth. Most strains can successfully move into the fruiting stage after one temperature cycle, while some may require two cycles.
When the casing layer turns more white, sounds hollow when tapped, and becomes firm with strong elasticity, it’s time to move the bags out of the cold room and into a plastic greenhouse. At this point, increasing the greenhouse temperature, humidity, and providing moderate light stimulation along with proper ventilation is essential. After about seven days in the greenhouse, yellow bacterial spots may appear on the inoculation block. Then, the temperature should be gradually reduced to encourage fruiting. Ideally, the temperature should remain below 15°C during this phase. Covering the beds, improving ventilation in the morning and evening, and regularly watering the ground and misting the air will help maintain the right environment. Once the temperature drops slightly below 15°C, mushroom buds will begin to form quickly.
In general, each fruiting surface can produce 1 to 3 mushroom buds. Before the buds fully differentiate, it's important to remove excess buds and leave only one per site to ensure better quality and uniform growth.
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