Atractylodes cultivation and grasping five points

Atractylodes, also known as surgery, winter surgery, Zhejiang surgery, etc., for the Asteraceae. Rhizome can be used as a medicine, has the function of spleen, dampness, tocolysis, etc. It is a kind of valuable Chinese herbal medicine. The cultivation of Atractylodes in rural areas is a way to get rich with low investment, short production cycle, smooth marketing, and high economic benefits.

First, the choice of site preparation Atractylodes like cool climate, afraid of high temperature and humidity environment, the soil requirements are not strict, but well-drained, deep soil layer of slightly acid, alkali and light clay as well. In the plain area, the soil with loose soil and medium fertility should be selected. The soil is over-fertilized, the seedlings grow too profusely, and it is easy to twitch and blossom in the year, which affects the quality of medicinal use. In the mountains, thicker soil layers can be used to grow the land. Former crops are preferably grass crops, and crops such as tobacco, peanuts, rape, etc. should not be selected, otherwise they are prone to diseases. Nursery generally Mushi farmyard fertilizer 4000 kg to 5000 kg, or 75 kg to 100 kg of cake fertilizer, transplanting Mushi farm manure 2500 kg to 4000 kg.

Second, seedling transplanting choose large leaf dwarf varieties. In North China, seedlings are generally planted in the middle or late April. The seedlings were planted into flat rakes before sowing. The seedlings were sown at a spacing of 16 to 17 centimeters and 3 to 4 centimeters deep. The sowing rate was 4 to 5 kilograms. Always keep moist after sowing. After the seedlings are unearthed, the grass should be pulled out in time, and the dense seedlings and diseased and weak seedlings should be used. Seedling height of 3 to 5 cm, according to the line, spacing 7 ~ 10 cm each set seedlings. Fertilizer seedlings 1 to 2 times, general mu Shi excrement 500 kilograms is appropriate, too many seedlings grow too busy, too tender branches, disease resistance weakened. From mid-to late October to early November, the seedlings were dug and stored before freezing. Choose a pit with a depth of 1 meter and a width of 1 meter. Put the seedlings into the pit about 0.5 meters deep and cover the soil 4 to 6 centimeters. When the temperature of the cloudy weather drops, the cover soil can be gradually thickened, and the thickness of the soil is suitable for the seedlings without frostbite. If the weather is warm in winter, you do not need to cover the soil. Transplanting seedlings began in early April of the following year, and the average spacing was 50-60 cm, and the plant spacing was 7-10 cm. Plants were planted in single or double rows. Transplanting density of 12,000 to 15,000 per acre is appropriate. General mu seedlings about 60 kg.

Third, field management Atractylodes after sowing or transplanting, weeding soil should be often, so that the soil surface loose no weeds. Pay attention to prevent waterlogging during the rainy season. Fertilization should master the principles of “applying base fertilizer, early application of Miaofei, and reapplying bud fertilizer”. After the seedlings are basically released or after transplanting, the amount of fertilization should not be excessive. After transplanting, the second fertilization of seedlings is generally 5 to 7 days after flowering (reserving species before flowering), 75 to 100 kg of cake fertilizer per acre, or 1000 to 1500 kg of human and animal waste, and 25 to 30 mg of superphosphate. Kg, or 25 kg of diammonium phosphate. In order to promote the nutrient supply of rhizomes, the buds should be picked in time before the inflorescences are opened.

4. Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention and treatment of Atractylodes macrocephala has many diseases, mainly including rust, iron leaf diseases, root rot and blight. Iron leaf disease can be sprayed with 0.3% lime sulfur at the beginning of the disease, sprayed once every 8 to 10 days, and sprayed 2 or 3 times; root rot and blight can be used 50% of carbendazim in the early stage of disease. 600 times, or 50% of thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold watered diseased plants. Prevention of Atractylodes macrocephala pests can be sprayed with 50% dichlorvos 800 times, or 40% dimethoate 1500-2000 times, 7 to 10 days, and continuously sprayed 2 or 3 times before the adult flowering of Atractylodes macrocephala.

5. Harvesting and processing Atractylodes macrocephala begins harvesting when the stem turns from green to dry yellow in late October to early November of the year of planting. The method is: picking sunny days, drying or drying. Sunlight 15 to 20 days until dry, firepower should not be excessive when drying, the temperature is not suitable for hot. After the fire is baked for 4 to 6 hours, it is turned up and down again to make it heated evenly, and at the same time the fine roots naturally fall off. When the bake is dry to 80%, it is taken out and accumulated for 5 to 6 days to make the internal water extravasation and the epidermis turns soft, and then Dry it. Do not use oil such as pine and cypress when baking, so as not to black and white, affecting quality. It is generally believed that Atractylodes macrocephala is a large, hollow, white section.