In the first half of the year, the northern regions are often arid and less rainy, and apple seedlings often fall below the standard for grafting in autumn. In addition, due to more rainy weather in September, the survival rate of grafting cannot be guaranteed, resulting in an increase in grafting workload in the spring of the next year. To address this issue, we took advantage of the successful experience of indoor branching of apple seedlings in early spring to conduct the earliest grafting time test of apple seedlings in Datian.
First, materials and methods
1. The material scion is a new dwarfing anvil in dormancy period. The test site is in Xiaojia Village, Xia Gaogao Township, Yaozhou District, Tongchuan County, Shaanxi Province. The basic conditions of the nursery are good, and the irrigation is convenient. The base number of the mule seedlings is about 12,000.
2.Methods Grafting time starts from January 5, 2004, and then grafts every 7 days (days) until the end of March 8. There are a total of 10 treatments, followed by January 5, 12, 19, and 26 On February 2nd, 9th, 16th, and 23rd, and on March 1st and 8th, each day, 50 treatments were repeated 10 times. Using woody buds with buds, all of them will be treated on buds at 1cm flats on March 10th. The grafts were grafted in the autumn of August 20, 2003, and grafted in the spring of March 18, 2004, as the control 1 and the control 2. The survival rate was calculated on April 20, 2004, and the mean thickness at 5 cm above the ground was calculated on June 7. (used to indicate the amount of growth). Among them, the survival rate of grafting is in percent, and the growth amount of each treatment and control is the corrected data after all survival.
Second, results and analysis
1. Effect of different grafting times on the survival rate The results of the survey on graft survival and growth are shown in Table 1. The survival rate of grafting of apple seedlings is generally required to be 95%. Based on the theoretical data, all survival rates are tested separately (card squared test to measure the difference between the number of observations and the theoretical number). The results show that: January 5th, The survival rate of the two treatments on January 12 was significantly lower than 95%, the survival rate of control 2 (grafted in spring) was significantly higher than 95%, the survival rate of the remaining 8 treatments and control 1 (grafted in autumn) was 95%. There was no significant difference in survival rate.
2. Effect of different grafting times on growth. F test (differential significance test) was performed on 8 treatments with insignificant differences between 2.1 and 2 controls. The result was that treatment differences reached extremely significant levels, indicating different There are essential differences in the amount of growth during the grafting period. To explore the optimal grafting time for maximum growth, further multiplex comparisons were performed using the LSD method (least significant difference method to clarify the significance of the difference between the mean values). The results showed that the grafted growth was greatest on February 16th. There was no significant difference between the amount of grafted growth on February 9, February 16, February 23, and March 1 and the growth of control 1 (grafted in autumn); (2) The amount of grafted growth and control on January 26 2 (Spring grafting) showed no significant difference, but the grafting growth of all treatments after that was high compared to that of the control, and the difference was extremely significant.
Third, summary and discussion
1. It is feasible to carry out grafting of apple seedlings in the field in the late winter and early spring (lunar lunar month).
2. The earliest grafting time required to meet the survival rate standard is January 19. This is the timing of Apple's natural dormancy release, indicating that the dominant factor limiting the grafting of apple seedlings in early spring may be whether the dormancy period is resolved, not temperature. The earliest grafting time with no significant difference in grafting growth between the 3 and the control 2 was January 26th; the suitable grafting time without significant difference from the growth amount of the control 1 (grafted in autumn) was from February 9 to March 1.
3. Adjust the grafting time according to the number and type of seedlings in production to avoid the shortage of grafting in autumn, such as insufficient species, too small anvil base, and more rainy weather, etc. The principle is to make full use of the climatic conditions of early spring and early rain to graft.
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