Strelitzia reginae, commonly known as the bird of paradise plant, is susceptible to a serious root rot disease caused by a fungus called *Fujikura Gibberella*, which belongs to the Ascomycota phylum. This pathogen has an anamorphic form known as *Fusarium moniliforme*, another type of fungus that contributes to the spread of the disease. The pathogen can survive through winter in the soil and on infected plant debris in the form of mycelium, chlamydospores, or sclerotia. These survival structures can remain viable in the soil for 5 to 10 years, making them a major source of infection.
The fungus typically enters the plant through wounds in the roots, where it produces conidia that are spread by rainwater, irrigation systems, or contaminated tools, leading to secondary infections. Cool temperatures and high humidity create ideal conditions for the disease to develop. Additionally, the disease can be transmitted through infected seeds. Another contributing factor is the thick, fleshy roots of Strelitzia reginae. If the soil is poorly drained or compacted, it can lead to waterlogging, increasing the risk of root rot. In winter, when temperatures drop below 5°C, the condition becomes even more severe.
Early signs of the disease include slow growth of the upper shoots and browning or blackening of axillary buds on the roots and stems. As the infection progresses, the plants begin to wilt, and the leaves turn a straw-like color. When the roots are cut open, brown spots or streaks may appear within the vascular bundles, indicating internal damage.
To prevent this disease, several measures can be taken. During the seedling stage, it's important to use well-aerated soil to improve drainage and raise soil temperature. At the first sign of infection, applying fungicides such as 50% Lishunjing WP diluted at 800 times or 50% benomyl WP at 1000 times can help control the spread. These solutions can also be applied directly to the base of the plant. Maintaining proper care is essential—ensuring that the soil temperature remains above 5°C during winter and keeping the growing environment between 20–30°C helps reduce the risk of infection. Regular monitoring and early intervention are key to managing this disease effectively.
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