First, leaf spot disease—also known as "snake eye" disease—primarily affects the leaves, petioles, stems, and seeds. The disease begins with dark purple spots on the leaves that gradually expand into round or oval lesions. These lesions typically have a purple-brown border and a gray center, giving them a snake-like appearance. Importantly, no black spots form on the affected areas. This disease can reduce plant vigor and lower yield if left unchecked.
To manage leaf spot disease, early intervention is key. At the onset of symptoms, apply a 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder at a dilution of 500 to 700 times. A second application should be made after 10 days. Alternatively, use 70% mancozeb wettable powder at a rate of 200 grams per 667 square meters, mixed with 75 kg of water for spraying.
Second, powdery mildew mainly affects the leaves but can also damage flowers, fruits, fruit stems, and petioles. Infected leaves often curl into a spoon-like shape, while flower buds and petals turn purple-red, preventing proper flowering. Fruits may fail to develop, remain elongated, and lose their luster and firmness. In the later stages, this disease can severely impact the quality and marketability of strawberries.
For control, focus on applying a 0.3-degree lime sulfur solution in the affected areas during the early stages. After harvest, cut back all the foliage and spray the entire field with a 70% thiophanate-methyl solution diluted to 1,000 times, or a 50% bacteriocin-specific solution at 800 times, combined with 30% cypermethrin at 5,000 times.
Third, gray mold is a common post-flowering disease that affects flowers, petals, fruits, and leaves. During the fruit enlargement stage, brown spots appear and grow larger, eventually leading to dense gray mold. Affected fruits become soft, rotten, and unsuitable for sale, significantly reducing yield and quality.
To prevent gray mold, apply 25% carbendazim wettable powder at 300 times, 50% Kedan Dan wettable powder at 800 times, or 50% fluocin at 500 to 700 times during bud to flowering stages. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are essential for effective control.
Root rot starts from the lower leaves, which show red-brown margins and progressively wither upward. The central stem turns black and rots, while the root core becomes reddish. This disease leads to plant death if not managed properly.
To prevent root rot, before transplanting strawberries, treat the soil with a 40% asparagus blue powder solution diluted to 600 times. Apply it to the soil surface, cover with soil, and transplant the plants. This helps eliminate pathogens in the soil and reduces the risk of infection.
Fifth, Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne disease that causes young leaves to deform, yellow, and develop rough surfaces. The leaf margins fade inward, turning brown and eventually dying. This disease is difficult to control once established.
To manage Verticillium wilt, ensure the use of disease-free planting material and shorten the crop rotation cycle. Soil disinfection using chloropicrin at 13.5 to 20 liters per acre is recommended. Infected plants should be removed and destroyed immediately to prevent spread.
Sixth, locusts cause damage by feeding on strawberry juice, reducing fruit production. They also excrete honeydew, contaminating leaves and fruits. Additionally, locusts can transmit viral diseases to plants.
To control locusts, remove old leaves, clear the field, and eliminate weeds. Before spraying, apply a 50% insecticide solution at 2,000 times dilution, and repeat the application 1–2 times for best results.
Seventh, spider mites—especially two-spotted spider mites—are a major pest. Initially, small white or gray spots appear on the leaves, which then expand into large white patterns. Infested leaves yellow, curl, and the plant becomes stunted and weak, greatly affecting growth and productivity.
To manage spider mites, spray with a 0.3-degree lime sulfur solution when infestations first appear, repeating every seven days. Before harvesting, apply a 20% synergic phytosterol solution at 5,000 to 8,000 times dilution, with two applications spaced five days apart. Note that pesticide use should stop at least two weeks before fruit picking to ensure safety.
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