The survival rate of piglets is the basis for pig production, and it is the key to the development of quantity, improvement of quality and reduction of production costs. Especially in winter, the climate is relatively cold, and the disease-resistance ability of suckling piglets is relatively weak. If they are not properly managed after birth, they can easily cause death and bring serious economic losses to the pig farms and farmers. Therefore, in order to improve the pig-raising economy, Effectiveness, we must strengthen feeding and management, to maximize the survival rate of piglets, specific measures are as follows: Scientific feeding during pregnancy should be based on the characteristics of the sow different stages of pregnancy to ensure that the sow to obtain adequate nutrients to meet the needs of fetal growth and development, but do not make The sows were overweight and paid attention to proper exercise to enhance sow physique. During the lactation period, efforts should be made to increase the amount of milk produced by the sow, and attention should be paid to the appropriate energy and protein levels for the lactating sow. The selection of raw materials should focus on the consideration of feeds rich in calcium, protein, and fat. For example, cooked soybeans are the best choice for the sow's dietary composition. They are both the source of high quality protein and the way of fat supply. Adding fat to the sow diet can increase the level of ketogenic substances in the plasma and increase the energy reserve of the fetus by means of the glucose distribution effect, thereby increasing the survival rate of the piglet.
Specialist confinement practice shows that suckling piglets are frozen, crushed, dying, and starved to account for more than 80% of all dead pigs during the lactation period. The underlying cause of death is caused by the management’s negligence and improperness. The feeding and management of suckling piglets, raising the responsibility of the breeders, and carrying out special care for delivery (especially on a winter night when sows are on the job to stay on duty) are important measures to reduce the mortality of suckling piglets.
Warming and keeping warm Newborn piglets have not yet fully developed their tissues, organs, and functions. They have thin subcutaneous fat, few coats, and weak cold resistance. Especially in low-temperature environments, piglets are susceptible to hypoglycemia, colds, pneumonia and other diseases. In severe cases, they will die in large numbers. The suitable temperature for piglet growth is: 35°C within 6 hours of birth, 30°C to 34°C for 1 day to 3 days, 28°C to 30°C, 8 days to 15 days for 4 days to 7 days The age is 25°C and 28°C. Therefore, winter pig houses must be blocked from wind tunnels, replaced with grass, and kept dry. It is best to build insulation rooms in the corner of the production circle, with 150-250 watt infrared light bulbs suspended from the top and 40 cm to 50 cm away from the bed. The piglet grows and raises the distance between the bulb and the bed.
Fixed nipple fixed papilla is one of the main measures to improve the survival rate of piglets. After the whole litter of piglets is born, they can train their fixed nipples to ensure that each piglet can eat breast milk in time. The method of fixing the nipple is: let the piglet choose oneself first, and then adjust according to the size of the body weight, so that the weak piglet eats the middle and the front nipple, and the strong piglet eats the posterior nipple. Artificially assisted for two or three days, it is possible to fix the position of suckling piglets to ensure that the piglets grow more evenly.
The colostrum content of colostrum is high, among which 60% to 70% are immunoglobulins. Since piglets are born without innate immunity, they can only acquire immunity after eating colostrum. When the piglets were born, the intestinal epithelium was in its original state and had the function of absorbing macromolecular immunoglobulins. It began to decline after 6 hours and almost lost this function after 12 hours. Therefore, eating colostrum early and eating colostrum is an effective measure to improve the disease resistance of piglets.
Timing feeding sows from the 5th day postpartum began to gradually increase the amount of lactation, 20 days to reach the peak of lactation, 30 days after the gradual decline, but at this time the growth of piglets is in a period of accelerating, single breast milk can not meet its growth required nutrients. Early feeding can promote the development of the digestive tract and digestive glands, avoiding pig litter, reducing diarrhea, and reducing death. In order to ensure the normal growth of piglets, it is necessary to supplement the feed in a timely manner, that is, the feeding of piglets is started 6 days to 7 days after the start of feeding. After 10 days, high-energy, high-protein, palatable, and easily digestible full-price mixes are gradually added.
Supplementing iron salts to supplement iron in newborn piglets is an easily overlooked but very important measure. Newborn piglets need an average of 7 to 11 milligrams of iron per day, but less than 0.2 milligrams in 100 grams of pig's milk, which is less than 5% of the pig's iron requirement. Iron-deficient piglets exhibit symptoms of anemia. Piglets that grow fast often die suddenly due to lack of oxygen, or suffer from lack of energy and slow growth. They are also prone to complicated white psoriasis and pneumonia. Therefore, newborn piglets must be supplemented with iron salts in a timely manner, that is, 200 mg of iron compound preparation is intramuscularly injected into the neck of piglets from 2 to 3 days of age to prevent diarrhea due to anemia.
About one week after birth and about 20 days after birth, the incidence of piglet disease is the peak period. It is mainly white piglets. Three weeks prior to sow giving birth, K88-K99 bivalent genetically engineered seedlings were used for prophylactic injection, while keeping piglets clean inside and preventing piglets from drinking filthy water. Should feed the full price feed of piglets scientifically, if necessary, add multivitamin Additives, growth stimulants, antibacterial drugs, which can both stimulate growth and prevent piglets from getting white.
It prevents the sow from being bulky and slow to move and it is easy to step on or crush the piglets when they are lying down, especially if the piglets are born from 1 to 3 days. Therefore, guard bars or nursery rooms should be set up, and mothers should be allowed to sleep and rest to prevent crushed piglets.
Scientifically weaned piglets are generally about 35 days old at weaning. Five days before weaning is planned, the sows will gradually reduce the material to reduce the secretion of milk and force the pigs to eat so that weaning can reduce the stress on the piglets. Piglets after weaning should be kept in the original circle, and the temperature in the small environment must also be kept at 24°C, which is most easily overlooked. In general, the piglets refused to feed on the day of weaning. On the second day, the appetite for piglets increased sharply because of hunger. Therefore, when feeding piglets, do not feed too much and let the piglets eat only 80% of the time. Because the digestive organs of piglets are underdeveloped, overfeeding can lead to indigestion, diarrhea, weight loss, and even death from dehydration. It is best to feed 5 to 6 times a day, and the interval should be 3 hours to 4 hours.
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