In the investigation of sow production, the author found that the majority of rural sow specializing households do not pay attention to sanitary measures for postpartum sows and can easily cause postpartum metritis, mastitis, agalactia syndrome, postpartum fever, tetanus, and postpartum sows. Do not eat and many other common obstetric diseases, which affect the reproductive function, and even eliminated.
Paying attention to the postpartum health of sows can greatly reduce the occurrence of many post-partum illnesses. Methods include:
1. Check whether the placenta is completely discharged, and whether the number of tying or the number of umbilical cords is the same as the number of litters. No less than the placenta, intramuscular injection of diethylstilbestrol 10 mg, such as cervical dilatation, 30 minutes every 30 minutes intramuscular injection of oxytocin 30 international units, 2-3 consecutive times. After determining that the placenta has been completely discharged, 800-1.6 million international units of penicillin will be administered deep into the birth canal.
2, according to the specific conditions of the sow to take specific anti-inflammatory methods.
(1) Sows with overweight or too many sows or foetuses, difficult to produce sows, vulnerable to uterus damage, anti-inflammation treatment for 7 days, each dose of penicillin intramuscularly 30,000 units per kilogram of body weight, daily 2 times. At the same time, warm 0.1% potassium permanganate solution can be poured deep into the birth canal until it returns to normal. For the sows that had a history of postpartum illness, the medication was also administered as described above.
(2) For normal sows, each dose is 20,000 units of penicillin per kilogram body weight, twice daily, for 2 days.
(3) Sows after anti-inflammatory treatment: After 1 week, there is still pus discharge in the birth canal: firstly, inject 0.1-percent potassium permanganate solution 200-300 ml into the uterus while intramuscularly injecting 5 mg of diethylstilbestrol The cervix is ​​dilated; 30 IU oxytocin 30 international units 30 minutes apart, consecutively. At the same time intramuscular injection of streptomycin, streptomycin mixture, combined with systemic treatment of phosphate dexamethasone injection. It is also possible to deliver 100 ml of a mixture of 10% glucose physiological saline and penicillin 80-1.6 million units deep into the birth canal once a day for 3 consecutive days with excellent results.
(4) After sow postpartum anti-inflammatory, phlegm stagnation, no less than the placental clothing, Chinese herbal medicines can also be fed. Take fresh motherwort 0.25 kg + 1000 ml of water and cook it to 300-400 ml. After the cool temperature, add 0.2 kg of brown sugar. Divide the feed in the morning and evening. The results are good for 3 consecutive days.
Practice has shown that strengthening the post-harvest hygiene measures of sows can ensure that sows can exert their good production performance and greatly reduce the elimination rate of sows due to obstetric diseases.
Ventilator block diagram
One. Main mechanical ventilation modes
(1) Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and zero pressure in the expiratory phase. 1. Working principle: The ventilator generates positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and presses the gas into the lungs. After the pressure rises to a certain level or the inhaled volume reaches a certain level, the ventilator stops supplying air, the exhalation valve opens, and the patient's thorax Passive collapse of the lungs and exhalation. 2. Clinical application: Various patients with respiratory failure mainly based on ventilation function, such as COPD.
(2) Intermittent positive and negative pressure ventilation (IPNPV): the inspiratory phase is positive pressure and the expiratory phase is negative pressure. 1. How it works: The ventilator works both in the inspiratory and exhaled phases. 2. Clinical application: Expiratory negative pressure can cause alveolar collapse and cause iatrogenic atelectasis.
(3) Continuous positive pressure airway ventilation (CPAP): Refers to the patient's spontaneous breathing and artificial positive airway pressure during the entire respiratory cycle. 1. Working principle: Inspiratory phase gives continuous positive pressure air flow, and exhalation phase also gives a certain resistance, so that the airway pressure of inhalation and exhalation phases are higher than atmospheric pressure. 2. Advantages: The continuous positive pressure airflow during inhalation is greater than the inspiratory airflow, which saves the patient's inhalation effort, increases FRC, and prevents the collapse of the airway and alveoli. Can be used for exercise before going offline. 3. Disadvantages: great interference to circulation, large pressure injury of lung tissue.
(4) Intermittent command ventilation and synchronized intermittent command ventilation (IMV / SIMV) IMV: There is no synchronization device, the ventilator air supply does not require the patient's spontaneous breathing trigger, and the time of each air supply in the breathing cycle is not constant. 2. SIMV: There is a synchronization device. The ventilator gives the patient a commanded breath according to the pre-designed breathing parameters every minute. The patient can breathe spontaneously without being affected by the ventilator. 3. Advantages: It exerts its ability to regulate breathing while offline; it has less influence on circulation and lungs than IPPV; it reduces the use of shock medicine to a certain extent. 4. Application: It is generally considered to be used when off-line. When R <5 times / min, it still maintains a good oxygenation state. You can consider off-line. Generally, PSV is added to avoid respiratory muscle fatigue.
(5) Mandatory ventilation per minute (MMV) When spontaneous breathing> preset minute ventilation, the ventilator does not command ventilation, but only provides a continuous positive pressure. 2. When spontaneous breathing is less than the preset minute ventilation volume, the ventilator performs command ventilation to increase the minute ventilation volume to reach the preset level.
(6) Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) Definition: Under the prerequisite of spontaneous breathing, each inhalation receives a certain level of pressure support, increasing the patient's inhalation depth and inhalation volume. 2. How it works: The inspiratory pressure begins with the patient's inspiratory action, and ends when the inspiratory flow rate decreases to a certain level or the patient attempts to exhale hard. Compared with IPPV, the pressure it supports is constant, and it is adjusted by the feedback of the inspiratory flow rate. Compared with SIMV, it can get pressure support for each inhalation, but the level of support can be set according to different needs. 3. Application: SIMV + PSV: used for preparation before off-line, can reduce breathing work and oxygen consumption Indications: Exercise the ventilator; prepare before going offline; the ventilator is weak due to various reasons; severe flail chest causes abnormal breathing. 5. Note: Generally not used alone, it will produce insufficient or excessive ventilation.
(7) Volume Supported Ventilation (VSV): Each breath is triggered by the patient's spontaneous breathing. The patient can also breathe without any support and can reach the expected TV and MV levels. The ventilator will allow the patient to be truly autonomous Breathing also applies to preparations before going offline.
(8) Capacity control of pressure regulation
(IX) Biphasic or bilevel positive pressure ventilation How it works: P1 is equivalent to inspiratory pressure, P2 is equivalent to breathing pressure, T1 is equivalent to inspiratory time, and T2 is equivalent to exhalation time. 2. Clinical application: (1) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2 = 0 or PEEP, T2 = expiratory time, which is equivalent to IPPV. (2) When P1 = PEEP, T1 = infinity, P2 = 0, T2 = O, which is equivalent to CPAP. (3) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2-0 or PEEP, T2 = desired controlled inhalation cycle, equivalent to SIMV.
Medical Positive Pressure Breathing Machine
Positive Pressure Breathing Machine,Continuous Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing Machine
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