Summer sowing of cucumbers using a plastic cover film can significantly reduce the damage caused by heavy rains, act as mulch, prevent diseases, and avoid soil compaction. It also improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, promoting healthier plant growth and development. This method can increase cucumber yields by approximately 40%, making it a highly effective agricultural technique.
First, soil preparation with fertigation is essential. After harvesting the previous crop, the field should be deeply tilled and finely leveled. Apply 5,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, along with 30-40 kg of calcium phosphate, 7-10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 30 kg of a balanced compound fertilizer. If there's not enough organic fertilizer, it should be concentrated in furrows or planting holes. Once the land is flat, create raised beds that are 60 to 80 cm wide and 15 to 20 cm high.
Second, covering the film is crucial. The plastic sheet should be tightly stretched and evenly laid across the field, with the edges sealed to prevent wind from lifting it.
Third, sowing.
1. Choose high-quality seeds. Varieties such as Jinyan No. 2 and Jinza No. 2 are recommended due to their resistance to disease, heat, and high yield.
2. Determine the optimal sowing time based on the variety’s growth cycle and market demand. The best time is usually between late June and early July, ensuring that harvest coincides with peak market demand or high prices.
3. Use the drilling method under the film. Typically, two rows are planted per bed, spaced 30 to 35 cm apart. Drill a 1 to 2 cm deep seed trench, sow 3 to 4 seeds evenly, then cover with 2 cm of moist fine soil. Immediately seal the soil around the planting hole to prevent heat loss inside the film, which could harm young seedlings. To prevent seedling diseases, soak seeds in a 25% metalaxyl wettable powder solution for 30 minutes before sowing.
Fourth, field management:
1. Seedling thinning. Once the cotyledons unfold, water the seedlings to strengthen them. Weak plants should receive partial watering to promote growth. When the seedlings have 5 to 6 true leaves, thin them to two per hole, planting 6,000 to 6,400 plants per mu.
2. Watering and fertilizing. After sowing, water thoroughly. During the early growth stage, water 2 to 3 times, being careful not to flood the surface through the film holes. Before the first fruit sets, water 2 to 3 times, and try to control watering to avoid excessive growth. About 20 to 30 days after sowing, apply 10 kg of urea per mu during watering. During the fruiting period, ensure sufficient water and nutrients—water every 5 to 6 days, and apply fertilizer with each watering (or alternate). Water in the morning or evening, avoiding flooding. Drain excess water after rain.
3. Vine training. Since the vines grow quickly under the film, they should be tied early. When the vines reach about 35 cm, use the "S" method to tie them, extending the vine length toward the roof to prevent sagging and maintain an upright growth pattern.
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