1. Variety Selection: For spring carrot cultivation, it's essential to choose varieties with a short growth cycle, late bolting, cold and heat resistance, and strong disease resistance. Most spring carrots grown in China are imported from abroad, including the Japanese variety "Five-inch Red Reputation," "Five-inch Star of Xinxingtian," "Five-inch Summer Time," and "Five-inch Gold Harbor." These varieties have proven to be well-suited for the local climate and soil conditions.
2. Soil Preparation: Select fertile, deep, loose, and well-drained loam or sandy loam soil. Before planting, apply 250,000 to 3,500 kg of decomposed manure, 4,000 to 5,000 kg of compost, and 40 to 50 kg of compound fertilizer. Plow the field to a depth of 25 cm, then level the beds. In northern areas with low rainfall, flat ridges are commonly used, with bed widths of 1 to 1.2 meters, 25 cm wide furrows, and 20 to 25 cm high ridges. In southern regions with higher rainfall, raised beds are preferred for better drainage and root development.
3. Sowing Time and Technique: Spring carrots require precise sowing timing to avoid premature bolting and to prevent issues caused by high temperatures later in the season. The seeds should be treated before sowing—remove the bristles from the seed coat and soak them in warm water (25–30°C) for 5–6 hours. After soaking, sow the seeds within 10 hours. This helps ensure even germination and strong seedling establishment.
4. Post-Sowing Management
(1) Herbicide Use: Due to the dense planting and slow seedling growth, timely application of herbicides is crucial. A common method is to spray 50% paraquat at a rate of 100 grams per 70 kg of water. Alternatively, 25% herbicide ether can be used at 0.75–1 kg per mu, diluted 150 times, and sprayed on the soil surface to control annual weeds. After emergence, 10.8% Gaifu can be applied at 20 ml per acre mixed with 30 kg of water to target monocotyledonous weeds effectively.
(2) Thinning and Spacing: Spring carrots typically undergo two thinning stages during the seedling phase. The first thinning occurs when the plants have 1–2 true leaves, removing crowded shoots and spacing them 3–5 cm apart. The second thinning takes place when they have 4–5 true leaves, where weak or diseased plants are removed, and spacing is increased to 10–12 cm, leaving about 60,000 plants per mu. Shallow cultivation and weeding are done simultaneously to maintain healthy growth.
(3) Fertilization and Irrigation: Spring carrots generally do not require frequent watering in early stages due to low temperatures. Watering usually starts once the plants reach the "breaking belly" stage (5–6 true leaves). Apply 10–15 kg of ammonium sulfate or urea, or 1,000 kg of human manure. When the plants have 7–8 true leaves, moderate watering is needed while keeping the soil loose to encourage root development and prevent excessive leaf growth. As the fleshy roots begin to expand, regular watering becomes essential, especially as temperatures rise. Watering should be combined with top dressing, following the principle of keeping the soil consistently moist. Too dry conditions can cause corky roots and more lateral roots, while excessive moisture may lead to rotting. Fluctuating moisture levels can result in cracked roots, reducing both yield and quality.
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