Spring carrots require careful selection of varieties that have a short growth cycle, are late to bolt, and are resistant to cold, heat, and diseases. Most spring carrot varieties cultivated in China are imported from abroad, including the Japanese "Five-inch Red Reputation," the "Five-inch Star of Xinxingtian," "Five-inch Summer Time," and "Five-inch Gold Harbor." These varieties are well-suited for early spring planting due to their adaptability and high yield potential.
For soil preparation, it's essential to choose fertile, deep, and loose loam or sandy loam soil with good drainage. Before planting, apply 250,000 to 3,500 kilograms of decomposed manure, 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms of compost, and 40 to 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer. Plow the field to a depth of 25 centimeters, then level the beds properly. In northern regions with low rainfall, flat ridges are commonly used, with bed widths of 1 to 1.2 meters and heights of 20 to 25 centimeters. In southern areas with higher rainfall, raised beds (also known as sorghum beds) are preferred for better drainage and root development.
Sowing should be done at the right time to avoid premature bolting and high temperatures later in the season, which can negatively affect root development. The seeds should be pre-treated by soaking them in warm water (25–30°C) for 5–6 hours, followed by 10 hours of drying. This helps remove the bristles on the seed coat and improves germination. Sowing is typically done in sunny conditions for 1–2 days after soaking.
After sowing, proper management is crucial. Herbicides should be applied immediately to control weeds, especially since spring carrots have a dense planting density and slow initial growth. A common herbicide mixture includes 50% paraquat at 100 grams per 70 kg of water, or 25% herbicide ether diluted 150 times and sprayed over the soil surface. Once the plants emerge, 10.8% Gaifu can be used at 20 ml per acre mixed with 30 kg of water to target monocot weeds.
Thinning and spacing are important during the seedling stage. The first thinning occurs when the plants have 1–2 true leaves, with spacing maintained at 3–5 cm between plants. The second thinning takes place when there are 4–5 true leaves, with spacing increased to 10–12 cm, leaving around 60,000 plants per mu. Light cultivation and weeding are also carried out during this time to promote healthy growth.
Water and fertilizer management must be carefully controlled. During early spring, when temperatures are low, watering is generally not needed until the plant reaches the "breaking belly" stage (5–6 true leaves). At this point, applying 10–15 kg of ammonium sulfate or urea, or 1,000 kg of human manure, can help support growth. When the plants have 7–8 true leaves, water should be moderately controlled, and the soil should be loosened to encourage root development and prevent excessive leaf growth. As the fleshy roots begin to expand, regular watering is necessary, along with top dressing. The soil should remain consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Too much moisture can lead to root rot, while too little can cause corking and cracking of the roots, both of which reduce yield and quality.
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