The autumn soil preparation in paddy field is an important part of the mechanization of rice planting and lays a solid foundation for the high yield, high quality and high efficiency of rice production.
First, the specific role of autumn soil preparation
The purpose of ploughing soil in paddy fields is to change the physicochemical properties of the soil through tillage to make it suitable for rice growth. At the same time, the reductive toxins produced in the soil are applied. After the cultivation, the saline alkali and acidic substances contained in the paddy field are desalted and transformed into soil. Biochemical properties, so as to ensure the stable production of high quality and high yield of soil.
Through the autumn field of paddy field, it is possible to freeze cultivation, air dry cultivation, promote soil microbial activity, accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients, cut off soil capillary control of salt return, weed pressure and pest control, and can also compete for agricultural time, for the next Early years of nursery, early irrigation, early transplanting to create favorable conditions.
Second, the autumn homework time
In order to prolong the drying time, the autumn preparation time should be as early as possible. When the moisture content of the soil layer of the soil drops to about 25% and the soil can't grow, the soil can be started.
In order to advance the autumn ground preparation, all levels of drainage channels must be dredged to reduce the groundwater level before the rice is harvested to increase the permeability of the soil and to accelerate the reduction of the soil moisture content. The ground must be evacuated and aired in a timely manner to create conditions for timely autumn soil preparation. Early dry early ploughing, improving the quality of arable land, and accelerating the pace of arable land, and strive to complete the ploughing before the earth is frozen.
III. Technical requirements for autumn soil preparation
(a) Establish a rotation farming system. Paddy field farming adopts a combination of tillage, rotary tilling, and deep-separation farming systems. Poor terrain, poor drainage conditions of swamp soil, meadow soil, can be taken two years deep, rotary tillage for two years; terrain Gaozao, drainage conditions are good, take a deep turn for 1 year, rotary tillage for two years of rotation system.
(b) The depth of autumn soil preparation. The depth of the general site preparation for the paddy field in many years in the reclamation area is 20~22cm deep, 14~16cm in rotary tillage, and 20~25cm in depth. The depth of paddy field preparation in autumn is generally based on local conditions. It is specifically formulated according to specific conditions.
1. For old paddy fields with good drainage and high fertility, the average plough depth is 18-22 cm. This depth can ensure effective burial of straw residues and increase the cultivation layer, which creates good basic conditions for high rice yield. On the other hand, the roots of the general high-yielding rice are mainly distributed in the soil layer of 0-18 cm, accounting for more than 90% of the total root volume. The cultivation depth of 18-22 cm can fully meet the high-yielding rice root development requirements.
2. For the low-moisture fields with sandy alkali, drought-improved water, and poor drainage, shallow ploughing is appropriate, usually 12-15 cm. Because the soil in the sand-alkali land and dry land is loosely ground, such as ploughing too deeply, it is not easy to dry and mature, and it is easy to cause leakage of water and fertilizer. In low-humidity fields, the soil is in a reduced state for a long time, soil nutrients are not easy to decompose and release, and it is easy to nest foliar alkali. Proper shallow ploughing can dry the topsoil dry and dry, so as to facilitate ventilation and oxygen release, release of soil fertility, and washing of saline and alkaline.
3. For heavy saline-alkali land and new land reclamation, shallow ploughing must be adopted, and the general plough depth is 10-12 cm. Due to the shallow ploughing, the surface soil can be air dried and dried, which is conducive to the desalination of the salt and alkali, creating a soil desalination layer of about 10 cm, ensuring the normal cultivation after transplanting, and then strengthening the irrigation management, and continuously diluting the soil layer, ensuring the middle and later stages. If rice grows and develops, if it is cultivated too deeply, the salt and alkali in the cultivated layer will not be washed and it will be difficult to maintain seedlings after transplanting.
(three) autumn soil preparation standards.
1, according to different soil quality strictly control the plough depth, not too deep or too shallow. Take the Jiansanjiang area as an example. In general, the black soil layer is relatively thick, and the following is a white soil. The depth of operation is required to be 22 cm. This ensures that rice can absorb enough nutrients to obtain high yields.
2. In the same field, the depth of cultivation should be the same in depth, no sulcus, no high ridges, and flat land after ploughing.
3, cultivator to buckle tight, close convergence, turn up, deduction is good.
4, to the end to the side, not heavy, do not stay alive, do not throw flings.
5. Saline-alkali land will not squat and prevent sweltering of salt and nausea; it may also be rotated and ploughed again after cultivating saline-alkali land to create conditions for the second year of water-saving irrigation and early water preparation.
6. The fall-turning land should be combined with the planning of the barrow field, and the pond straight should be straightened. The irrigation and drainage direction should be parallel to the direction of the barrow field, so as to lay the foundation for better mechanical transplanting and mechanical cutting.
Fourth, the autumn soil preparation method
The soil moisture content of paddy fields is 18%~28%, and the soil moisture content of paddy soils with more soil quality should be lower.
(I) Closed ridge method (introversion method): The walking route in a single area. The unit enters the open ridge (ie the first plow) from the left side of the ploughing center line, and turns the ridge around the center line in a clockwise direction. Only make a right turn and finally close the ground on the ground (that is, the last plow).
(B) ridge method (outside method): using a single area valgus walking route, the walking route is just the opposite of the inverting method, the unit enters the opening from the right side of the ploughing area and turns counterclockwise from the outside to the inside. The crew only made a left turn and finally picked up in the middle of the ploughing area.
(3) Community plot farming method: In the cultivated area, four equal-width communities shall be divided, and the width of the plot shall not be less than twice the turning radius of the unit. The crew enters from the right side of the first zone, uses the closed ridge method to open the hoe, first ploughs the first and third zones, and then sets the second and fourth zones by closed ridge method. After cultivating, there is a ridge in the middle, leaving two shallow slops on the outer boundary.
If the width of the ploughing area is permitted, try to adopt the plot ploughing method (inner and valgus combined farming), or combine the adjacent plots to implement the double-zone ploughing method, which can reduce the ridges and can avoid A small turn, reducing the time of the blank line and the distance of the blank line.
V. Machine preparation for autumn soil preparation
1. The use of paddy wheel tractors operating over 70 horsepower ensures sufficient power and guarantees operation depth and quality standards. Model optional 704, 804, 904 and other tractors. It is necessary to switch to a high birth tire and close the filling port with a lower locomotive position.
2, supporting 5 to 7 铧 paddy field plough, a single width of greater than or equal to 25 cm, to ensure the tight buckle.
3. The technical state of the paddy field plough must be in good condition, the plough frame should not be deformed, and the plough scoop must be replaced in time.
4, tractor suspension adjustment. The lengths of the two lifting rods are not equal, and the right lifting rod (on the side of the arable land) should be shorter than the left lifting rod (not on the side of the arable land), and should be guaranteed to be in a horizontal state during normal operation. When the longitudinal unevenness is obtained, the upper lifting rod can be adjusted to make it. maintain standard.
5, adjust the limit chain. When the site preparation equipment is in the working position, the left and right limit chains are in the same loose state.
6, plow level adjustment. Adjust the length of the pull-rod of the tractor suspension device so that when the hanging plough descends to the ground, there will be an angle of 2~3 degrees to the soil. When the cultivating depth is specified, the plough frame will be horizontal. After the adjustment is made, the farmland shall be cultivated in the next field. In the trial cultivation, the compensation shall be adjusted according to the requirements of flatness, positiveness, and straightness. If the plough is not straight forward and backward, the front rake is deep and the rake is shallow and the plough hoe is away from the bottom of the trench, the upper tie rod should be extended, otherwise the upper tie rod should be shortened. If the plough frame is uneven, the front rake is deep and the back rake is shallow and the groove bottom is uneven, the length of the right lifting arm should be shortened, whereas the length of the right lifting arm should be lengthened instead.
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