Chrysanthemum, Orchidaceae is a kind of herbal plant, which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It can be used as a medicine for nourishing, analgesic, and antitussive. "National Herbal Medicine Collection" states that it can treat tuberculosis hemoptysis, diabetes, nephritis, cystitis, myasthenia gravis, nocturnal emission, rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis, convulsions in children, leucorrhea in women, and snake bites; in the treatment of liver disease , Detoxification, buck cooling blood and other aspects have a unique effect. According to the research report on the investigation and evaluation of the status of Chinese herbal medicines in Xiamen and its surrounding areas provided by the expert group of the Xiamen City Committee of the Jiusan Society, as a result of the massive collection of wild resources and the human-caused destruction of the ecological environment, Anoectochon roxalis has become 17 endangered Chinese herbal medicines. one. Artificial cultivation of A. roxburghii is an effective means to protect China's rare natural resources. In Jimei District of Xiamen City, the artificial cultivation experiment and demonstration of Anoectochilus roxburghii was gradually carried out in 2003. The author also promptly involved in the comprehensive prevention and control technology research of A. crassifolia. The test concluded a set of more mature prevention and control technologies and conducted demonstration and promotion.
1 The main pests and diseases of Anoectochilus
1.1 Main insect pests of Anoectochilus
1.1.1 molluscs Snails and ticks The soft tissues of Anoectochilus roots, shoots, etc., seriously affect the growth.
1.1.2 Red spiders and aphids, which suck sap from adults and nymphs on the leaves, cause yellow spots on the victim's foliage. When they are severe, they become yellow and dry and coke until they fall off and the plants die.
1.1.3 Instar larvae of 3rd instar larvae feed on the leaves and leaves of Anoectochilus roxburghii or have a mesh-like shape. After 3rd instar larvae gnaw A. roxburghii seedlings from the tender stem near the ground, causing Lack of seedlings.
1.1.4 Cockroaches bite on the roots of the seedlings in the soil. It is disorderly and destructive. It causes the seedlings to die and causes the surface of the soil to collapse into a number of uplifted tunnels. The roots of the seedlings are separated from the soil, and water loss and dryness die.
1.2 There are main diseases of Anoectochilus
1.2.1 Blasting disease is mainly caused by the hazard of Fusarium. The basal part of the diseased seedling has yellow-brown water-stained lesions. It quickly develops until one week in diameter, and the diseased tissue rots and shrivels and forms a linear shape. The disease developed rapidly, the seedlings quickly fell to death, and there was a stumble.
1.2.2 Soft rot is a bacterial disease that mainly damages the mid-lower inner stem and the petiole of the near-surface leaf. It is difficult to detect at the early stage of disease. In the mid-stage disease, brown necrotic spots appear outside the epidermis about 3 cm in stem base, and brown wet rot appears on the veins. The middle and lower leaves of the plants yellowed and wilted at high temperatures. The late stage showed the whole plant withered, and the plants did not stand upright, and they were broken by hand.
2 Integrated Control Techniques for Pests and Diseases of Anoectochilus
2.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
2.1.1 Cultivation of robust test tubes Sterile Anoectochilus roxburghii grows slowly, and flowering results are not easy. It is difficult for seed to reproduce. Therefore, tissue culture is often used for artificial propagation in production. Use biological tissue culture technology, select high-efficiency culture medium, and then combine with the best plant growth regulators, conduct scientific and rational hardening of seedlings, and cultivating robust test tube aseptic seedlings.
2.1.2 Soil disinfection of greenhouses Artificial cultivation of A. quadrifomum is mainly planted in greenhouses. Before the planting, aerosols such as sulfur or chlorothalonil are used to disinfect the soil and space in greenhouses.
2.1.3 Reasonable use of medium-cultured tissue culture seedlings When transplanted to the field, the gluten is burnt to black, burned through without turning white as the medium. This gluten is good in water absorption and water permeability, and rich in Mg2+, k+. Ions, whose ability to accumulate nutrients, can reduce the chance of sterility and the risk of pathogenic bacteria being removed from the seedlings, and help the bottle seedlings adapt to changes in the environment.
2.1.4 Reasonable layout, creating the best external conditions conducive to the growth of Anoectochilus, which is not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases The construction of greenhouses should be based on the growth requirements of Anoectochilus, select the dense forest on both sides of the foothills to ensure a cool, water irrigation, In winter, keep warm, reduce heat dissipation, maintain humidity, and reasonably adjust the height, control the height at 0.3 ~ 0.5m, and ensure that no water accumulates on the surface. Rational fertilization, multi-application of organic fertilizer and extra-root topdressing increased plant resistance to disease, and higher air humidity contributed to the growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii and increased plant fresh weight, but the cultivation medium should not be too wet, and wetness could easily lead to soft rot. Care should be taken to adopt ventilation and light transmission measures.
2.2 physical control greenhouse vents set up insect nets to reduce the chance of pests entering the studio room. Set sweet and sour liquid traps to trap and kill small earthworms and other pests. Sugar, vinegar, wine, water ratio of 3:4:1:2, sweet and sour solution to be added a small amount of pesticides (Lesper or triazophos) covered during the day and set off at night. In the early morning, the top soil near the seedlings was bitten off and captured along the way. The larvae of the young tigers after the third instar could be caught. Snails and clams can also be killed manually.
2.3 Biological control Biological pesticides such as bacteria, direct bacteria, viruses, plant extracts, and antibiotics are used to kill pests.
Soft rot can be sprayed when new planting factors occur; concentrations of 200 ml/l or 100 times liquid anti-Fang 751 water solution. Red spiders and mites can be sprayed with 20% compound Liuyangmycin 1000 times or aviso 2000 times.
2.4 Chemical control Blemish damping-off can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil WP or 600% anti-infective WP 500 times or 50% carbendazim WP 600 times. See sporadic disease seedlings should be sprayed to improve the control effect, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and even spray 2 to 3 times.
Prevention of soft rot: timely spraying 14% solution of ammonia and copper water agent 300 times or 77% to kill WP 500 times or 50% copper sulphate copper sulfate wettable powder 500 times before rain, after rain or watering liquid.
Prevention of small tigers can be used 90% trichlorfon crystal 150g, add 1 ~ 1.5L of water, and then stir into the crushed sauteed wheat bran made of 5kg bait, scattered around the seedlings in the evening to kill. Or use 90% trichlorfon crystal 100 times solution to root.
The control of red spider mites and mites can be sprayed with 10% indoxazone 3000 times solution or 20% cyrommethrin 2000 times solution.
The control of earthworms can be mixed with 5% phoxim granules 1 ~ 1.5kg and fine soil 20 ~ 30kg, sprinkle in the planting ditch, or irrigate the roots with 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times.
Author: Xiamen Jimei District Productivity Promotion Center
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