Onion is a very common condiment or vegetable, herbaceous, with a cylindrical leaf, empty in the middle, and blue. Most people are accustomed to stir fry until it is golden with the ginger and chopped it in a pan before frying. When making noodles, sprinkle chopped green onion after the noodles are cooked. Onion contains volatile sulfides, with a special spicy taste, is an important solution, seasoning. Sweet and crisp green and light. Chinese medicine onion has bactericidal, pass milk, diuretic, sweating and sleeping and other efficacy. Shallots Each 90 grams of water containing 90 grams, 2.5 grams of protein, 0.3 grams of fat, 5.4 grams of carbohydrates, 54 mg of calcium, 61 mg of phosphorus, 2.2 mg of iron, 0.46 mg of carotene, vitamins C15 mg. In addition, it also contains various components such as protopectin, water-soluble pectin, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and allicin. With antipyretic, expectorant, promote digestion and absorption, antibacterial, anti-virus, anti-cancer anti-cancer effects.
Xixian Li Xie is a large vegetable production village. The annual vegetable planting area is about 0.8 million mu. The main production is small and medium sized arched scallions and greenhouse cucumber production. Pollution-free and well-known, best-selling all over the country, Li Xie-based vegetable production was identified in the province as "Li Xi pollution-free vegetable production base" in 2006, while the production of the spring onion is also registered as a "green" brand trademark. Li Xie onions have white roots, green stems, and green leaves. They have sweet taste and are listed in March. After years of planting, it has been continuously summarized and now has become a relatively complete set of high-yield and high-yield cultivation techniques for small and medium sized leeches on Liying.
The biological characteristics of an onion
Allium perennial herb, served with leaf sheaths and leaves. The plants are upright, and the leaves are tubular, hollow, green, apex-tipped, and the sheaths are cylindrical, with pseudo-stems and white color. The stem is shortened to a disklike shape, and densely chopped cords surround the stem and plate. Extremely cold-resistant, -10 °C can be free from frost damage, can also be exposed in winter in northeast China, the seeds can germinate normally at 2 °C and 5 °C, and the seeds germinate at a temperature of 20 °C and 7 °C. shorten. Onions are short-day crops and their light intensity requirements are not strict. However, if the light intensity is too low, the sunshine duration is too short, the photosynthesis is weak, the accumulation of photosynthetic products is small, and the growth is poor; the light is too strong, the time is too long, the leaves are susceptible to aging, the roots are weak, and there are few root hairs. The soil should be deep, loose, and fertile. The sandy loam rich in organic matter has high yield and good quality.
Second, cultivation technology
1 Variety selection. Small arched onion uses high-yield, disease-resistant, non-dividing, crisp texture, sweet and nutritious Zhangqiu onion series varieties, with the seeds produced in the northwest of that year as the main seed, with good seed quality, high germination rate and low price.
2. Fine site preparation. Choose a deep soil, fertile and loose soil, flat terrain, good sand and loam or humus-rich loam soil, soil is too sticky and easy to build, shallow soil, root growth will be bad, and affect the commercial nature, The soil pH is preferably 6-8. It is not suitable for continuous production with onions and garlic. After the harvest of the former crops, the plots were cleared immediately and finely grounded. The requirements were as follows: ground level and fine soil. In combination with arable land, Mushi fully decomposes chicken manure 6000--8000 kg, Spike-rich or diammonium phosphate 20 kg, leveling the surface, to make a small raft grow 15 m, 2.5 m wide.
3. Seed treatment. Scallions are generally seeded with dry seeds, but seeds soaked and disinfected prior to sowing can increase germination and emergence, seedling growth is also tidy, and disease can be prevented. The method is to soak the seed in cold water for 10 minutes to remove the pod seeds and impurities, then place it in warm water at about 65°C, and continue stirring for 20-30 minutes; or soak in 500-fold potassium permanganate solution for 20- 30 minutes, rinse with clean water, soak after a little drying.
4. Seeding. Seeds were sown in early August. Use 4~5kg new seeds per acre. Watering before sowing, after the water infiltrated, leveling the surface, spread the seeds evenly on the surface, cover the fine soil 0.8 ~ 1 cm. To control underground pests, a layer of phoxim granules or other poison baits can be sprinkled after covering the soil.
5. Post-broadcast management. Scallion after sowing generally 8-10 days to emerge, after sowing a week or so should be appropriate according to the soil moisture situation, a small amount of water to keep the soil moist, in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, when the seedlings can be extended when the small water once again, so that the cotyledon Straight, take root and stabilize the seedlings, and conduct the seedlings to remove the deformed seedlings and to open the dense seedlings. Afterwards, watering should be carried out according to the situation of the mantle at a proper time. Note that the amount of water should not be too much, so that the seedlings will not grow. Combined with watering, topdressing urea 10 ~ 15 kg per acre, to promote seedling growth robust. If the seedlings are rooted, dry fine soil should be covered in time. In addition, the seedlings are susceptible to pests and weeds after unearthing. The bait should be sprayed in time to prevent underground pests such as earthworms and remove weeds. In particular, after the heavy rain, fungicide such as thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil should be sprayed in time to prevent the diseases such as gray mold and downy mildew. In order to keep the onions safe for winter, pour frozen water on top before freezing and cover horseshoe or shredded grass in a cold year to facilitate safe wintering. Before the soil is frozen, a hole for a small arch is inserted to prevent the soil from freezing and inconvenient operation.
6. The shed and post shed management. According to the growth and development characteristics of the onion and the local environmental conditions and the onion market time for buckle sheds, Li Xiexiao arch shed shallots generally hold sheds before and after the beginning of spring, due to different conditions of the facilities, the specific time of the shed can be appropriately advanced or wrong day. Before weeding, remove weeds and onions, loosen the topsoil, and combine irrigated urea 10 - 15kg per acre after watering with green onions to promote the growth of seedlings. Afterwards, as temperatures continue to rise, we can use the conditions of growth and development of shallots. Soil moisture is suitable for watering and top dressing. After the shed, the temperature and humidity should be kept at 12 °C ~ 14 °C during the daytime, at least 0 °C at night, preferably 3 °C ~ 4 °C, and the humidity within the shed should be 70%. If onion seedlings grow weakly, they can be fertilized 15 times before harvest and apply about 10 kg per acre.
7. Harvest. 40 to 60 days after the shed, when the seedling height is 25-30 centimeters, it can be marketed according to market conditions. The harvest can be carried out in a small shed, and the shallots are bundled into small bundles of 0.25 to 0.5 kg. After the fresh-keeping treatment, they are put on the market. Be careful not to lose the green onions when harvesting to avoid the wilting of green onions, and not to damage the onion leaves, so as not to reduce the green onions. Product value.
Third, pest and disease control
During the growth of green onions, there are often diseases and insect pests. The main diseases are powdery mildew, downy mildew, and blight, and the main pests are earthworms and leaf miners. Prevention and control should adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures such as agricultural control, ecological control, biological control, and chemical control. These methods include the following: a. Adopt a strict farming system, and conduct rational rotation to avoid continuous cropping. b. Select high-resistance and multi-resistance varieties and disinfect the seeds. c. Insist on clearing the litter and field weeds in the pastures. After harvesting the crops in front of the crops, dry the soil thoroughly. d. According to the national regulations on green food production, do a good job of chemical control, select pesticides scientifically, and use pesticides safely. Vigorously promote the use of biogenic pesticides, plant-derived pesticides, and highly efficient, low-toxicity, low-residue chemical pesticides. According to the national pollution-free food production standards, the use of moderately toxic chemical pesticides such as pyrethroids is restricted, and the use of high-toxicity, high-residue pesticides such as organic phosphorus is strictly prohibited. The use of drugs is not monotonous, and it should be reasonably rotated in conjunction with medication. And note that 15-20 days before harvest can not be medication. Disease prevention and control methods: (1) gray mold. At the beginning of the disease, 50% procymidone or 50% iprodione, 50% nongrill WP 1000-1500, or 25% metalaxyl WP 1000x, or 50% more bluing WP 800 times spray. (2) Powdery mildew. About 5 weeks after sowing, spray 50% carbendazim WP 500 times, or 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 600 times, and 50% urea WP 1500-1500 times to perfuse the roots . (3) Downy mildew. In the early stage of onset, spray 90% triethylaluminum phosphate wettable powder 400-500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, 50% amorous copper wettable powder 800-1000 times, 64% antivirus Wet powder 500 times, 72% Preclosure 800 times, every 7-10 days spray once, even against 2-3 times. (4) Onion land fly. In the adult stage, kill 21% of the emulsion with 6000 times of liquid, 2.5% of deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times, 20% of chrysanthemum cream 3000 times, spray once every 7 days, and spray 2-3 times. (5) Liriomyza sativae. With 1.8% amynomycin EC 3000 times, or with 1.8% green to kill EC 2500 times fog control.
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