The production of healthy, high-quality, pollution-free large-scale grass carp is the development direction of grass carp breeding in China. In recent years, the pond in the breeding base of the Coastal Development Zone of Binhai City, Jiangsu Province, has cultivated 230 mu of grass carp. The price is higher than the market price by nearly one third, and good economic benefits have been achieved. Pollution-free pond owners raising grass carp need to master the following technologies to achieve high yield and high efficiency:
First, the necessary environmental conditions
The first is the site conditions. Farms should be selected where there are no sources of pollution, electricity, transportation, communication and good ecological environment. Followed by water conditions. The breeding base shall be provided with sufficient water sources and fresh water, conforming to the “Quality Standard for Freshwater Aquaculture Water for Non-polluted Food Productsâ€, convenient for drainage and irrigation, and having separate water intake and drainage channels. The area of ​​the pond is about 5 to 8 mu. It is better to go from east to west. The water depth can be maintained at 1.5 to 1.8 meters. The pool is wide and long, and no leakage occurs. The motor vehicle can directly take a pond head. Each pond has a complete supporting facility for drainage pipes. The pool is equipped with one oxygen machine and one function bait machine.
Second, adequate stocking preparation
1. Whole pond grass. The dry pond maintains the pond, reinforces the slope embankment, the outlet, exposes the pond, removes excess sludge, and keeps the sludge 10 to 15 centimeters. Green fodder such as ryegrass is planted in Tanggu, Chipo and nearby wastelands to provide feed for grass carp and reduce production costs.
2. Water injection disinfection. Water 10 minutes before stocking 10 centimeters, per acre with 150 kilograms of quicklime Quanchiposa thoroughly disinfected. 2 to 3 days after the injection of water, when the water injection filter placed in the inlet to prevent predators and wild fish into the pool. When the water is added to 1 meter, appropriate amount of organic fertilizer that is sterilized and fermented by quicklime is used to prevent germs, etc., from entering the pool with fertilizer water.
Third, the stocking quality of the seed
1. Fish quality requirements. With healthy and lively quality fish species, the parent of the breeding species should come from a certified seed farm certified by a qualified country, and the quality complies with relevant standards. If grass carp purchases seedlings, they must be shipped after inspection. The seedlings should be of uniform size and uniform size; they should be of a strong physique, with smooth mucus, no damage, and no parasites. Before putting the fry on, put a temporary cage in the tank, put a few test fish in the box, and observe the next step after 24 hours without any hindrance.
2. Seed disinfection measures. First, put a sterile cloth made of plastic cloth on one side of the culture tank, and then configure a 1:1 salt and soda mixed disinfectant with a concentration of 3% in the pocket, and place a temporary small cage in the pocket. The counted seedlings were bathed in a temporary small cage and the seedlings were quickly placed into the culture tank when abnormal seedlings were found.
3. Seed stocking mode. Most of the seedlings were released before the beginning of May. According to the production requirements, the fish species will be released according to the 80:20 stocking mode, that is, the main grass carp accounts for 80%, and fish, including oysters, oysters, oysters, oysters, and oysters, account for 20%. The practice of raising grass carp has demonstrated that grass carp suffers less disease and grows faster in aquaculture environment where high-quality feed is applied. A high yield can be obtained when 250-300 tail grass weights of 150-200 g per mu are used.
Fourth, the daily management of science
1. Reasonable feeding. The main feed for grass carp should be based on the combination of bait and green feed. The raw materials used for processing must not have mildew, and the drugs must not be misused to add additives. In particular, no banned antibiotics should be added. With the feeding of dry grass to be tender, fresh and palatable. The cakes and other plant seeds should be free from mildew, no pollution, and no toxicity. After being processed by crushing, soaking, etc., the grass carp can be used to feed easily digestible bait. Feeding baits should adhere to the principles of timing, positioning, quality, and quantity, but also by observing the weather, the condition of the water body, and the amount of fish eaten, determine a reasonable amount of feed, and use 70% to 80% of the daily feeding amount. In principle, from mid-April to late May, 2 to 4 times a day, from mid-August to mid-August, 3 times a day, and from mid-August to October, 4 times a day. From June onwards, feed green feed once a day, but not too much, to prevent overgrowth, fish disease. The grain bait should be domesticated and fed. The grass should be provided with a fixed frame and be sterilized once a week near the food field. Timely remove the residual bait to prevent it from deteriorating and polluting the water body.
2. Water quality regulation. Main measures: (1) Sprinkle quicklime regularly: Generally every half month, apply 20 kilograms of water per meter of water per acre, or spray 1ppm of Quanfen. (2) Add new water regularly: Normally add new water every 7 to 10 days and inject approximately 30 centimeters each time. Changing the water should be done on a sunny day and be completed before 5pm. (3) Open the aerator every day: From mid-May to September, stick to the sunny day at noon and turn it on for 2 to 3 hours; cloudy day to boot at the time to choose between 6 to 7 o'clock in the morning; rainy days at 3 o'clock in the morning; continuous rainy days should be Before and after midnight (not in the evening), the boot time is longer. If the weather is hot, it can be turned on every day to keep the pool water fat, live and cool, so as to accelerate the growth of fish and achieve stable production and high yield.
3. Carefully patrol the pond. It is necessary to adhere to the three patrols in the morning, the middle, and the evening. In the event of abnormal weather, the number of patrols must be increased. The patrol pond should be legged, hand-grounded, and eye-deep, and detailed records should be made of the source of the fish species, stocking conditions, feeding conditions, the situation of prevention and treatment of the disease, clear pond conditions, and so on.
4. Timely listing. According to the species and specifications of stocking, it is timely to catch fish that meet the market specifications in the middle and later stages of breeding, and reasonably adjust the amount of fish contained in the fish. After entering the winter, it should be caught in the dry pool, and the fish species that have not reached the market specifications will be overwintering. The emptied ponds will be chilled in the winter and will be used for production in the coming year after the desilting.
V. Key prevention and treatment of fish diseases
To treat fish diseases, use biological fish medicine and biological products as much as possible, and promote the use of Chinese herbal medicine. Grass carp is highly susceptible to diseases, mainly enteritis, red bark, gill grass, and grass carp hemorrhagic disease. Once the disease develops, the condition is difficult to control. Therefore, comprehensive disease prevention measures must be taken to prevent disease. (1) Strictly sterilize fish before entering the pond. Half a month later, the fish species was splashed with 1ppm bleach (28% available oxygen). (2) During the high temperature season, baits are made from norfloxacin, multidimensional, and liver-protective drugs (or 10 g per 100 kg of fish per day), and the baits are added to the pellet feed. 60%, 1 time per day, 6 days as a cycle, one cycle per month. (3) From May to October, 25ppm quicklime ponds will be spilled every half month, which will not only sterilize but also improve water quality. (4) The mixture of copper sulfate 0.7ppm + ferrous sulfate 0.5ppm + trichlorfon 0.5ppm is mixed and sprinkled on the whole pool to prevent grass carp syndrome. In addition, when the patrol pond was found, it was found that the dead fish should be removed in time, the cause of death should be promptly identified, and timely response measures should be taken.
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