First, the election site preparation
1. Selection of land. Choose a soil suitable for the growth of sweet potatoes. It is better to use sandy soil, loose air, deep soil, well-drained oyster land without planting sweet potato.
2. Site preparation. The base fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate. The ridging is consistent with the ridge distance and the depth of the furrows. For early maturing varieties, ridge width is 60 to 70 cm. For late maturing varieties, ridge width is 80 cm and ridge height is 20 cm.
Second, the selection of varieties to adapt to local climate conditions, high yield, high quality, strong resistance, disease resistance and strong sweet potato varieties. Sweet potato main cooked food should be selected as yellow or orange red, smooth surface, beautiful potato shape, disease resistance, wide adaptability, high yield varieties. The main varieties suitable for cultivation in China include Xushu 18, Fushui 4, Beijing 553, and Xiong 431.
Third, transplanting planting sweet potato seedlings planted at a suitable temperature can increase the yield. The general year is planted from late April to early May (this year may be postponed until mid-May). Early-maturing varieties range from 3600 to 3800 per mu, and late-maturing varieties range from 3200 to 3400 per mu. When planted, they are planted by opening nests. Sealed soil - pouring water is completed in turn. In the planting time, the seedlings should be separated and the seedlings should be prevented from being bullied. After 5 to 7 days, water should be poured again.
Fourth, field management
1. Seedlings fill seedlings. Seedlings often cause seedling damage due to the hazards of ground tigers. They must be trapped or killed manually by trapping insecticidal grass and baits, and supplemented with water to make up the seedlings.
2. cultivator soil. Planting and weeding should be carried out as soon as possible after planting to promote the development of the root system, generally 2 to 3 times. Before budding, cultivate soil 2 times, and increase the width and width of the ridge.
3. Fertilize and water. On the basis of applying basal fertilizer, topdressing should be applied in small amounts or in stages (secondarily) in small amounts or top dressing. Usually about 45 days after planting, stems and leaves and potato pieces into the long-term, this period if the fertilizer too much water, especially nitrogen is too much, easy to cause stems and leaves prosperous, affecting the root swelling and reduce production. Therefore, the amount of urea should be controlled at 3 to 5 kg each time, combined with irrigation. In mid-July, Mushi shrunk an 10 to 15 grams, a sweet potato large expansin, 70 to 80 kilograms of water, spray once every 10 to 15 days, even spray 2 to 3 times, can play to promote control, speed up Root enlargement effect. By August and September, the potato block has been basically shaped, and the root absorption function has been weakened. The extra-root fertilizer is needed to supplement nutrient deficiencies. That is, foliar spray of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea solution spray 70~80 Kg, spray once every 7-10 days, even spray 2 times.
Sweet potato is a drought-tolerant crop, but in the prosperous period of stems and leaves, if dry weather occurs, small water can be lightly filled. The soil moisture in the later period should not be too large. If there is continuous rain, we should pay attention to drainage and prevent the accumulation of water in the field.
4. Stemvine management. In the past, most people thought that turning vines could reduce rooting and prevent leggy. Tests have shown that overturning vines can lead to a reduction in production, and the method of “lifting vines†should be implemented at the time of pulling vines. The method of topping is: when the vine spreads to 30 to 50 cm, the top portion is removed by 1 to 3 cm to control the spreading of the vine and promote the enlargement of the tuber. In addition, sweet potato leaf spray paclobutrazol can inhibit stem and leaf prosperous and promote tuber enlargement.
5. Pest control. Disease: Sweet potato black spot disease, with 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times irrigation, can effectively control the disease. When an epidemic disease or brown spot disease was found, a dose of 100 g of thiophanate-methyl or 100 mg of mancozeb manganese was applied to spray 40 kg of water per acre. Insect pests: tigers, can be used 60% phoxim mixed soil control in the ridge. In the late stages of growth, when the bean leaf is damaged, kill it with 2.5% enemy, 30-35 grams per mu, and evenly spray 45 kg of water.
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