I. Problems
1. Low egg production rate
The number of chicken farms visited by more than a dozen chicken farms and the number of chicken farms consulted by telephone have not been satisfactory since the winter season. Generally about 30%, the higher ones are less than 50%, some even 20%, and the fluctuations are large, low and unstable.
2. Decreased egg quality
Egg quality is mainly reflected in egg shell thickness, firmness, eggshell surface cleanliness, and egg-white color. In some chicken farms, egg shell thickness and firmness are reduced, and thin shell eggs, brown eggs and soft shell eggs appear; some chicken farm eggshells are generally poor in cleanliness and are covered with faeces and pollutants; most chicken farm eggs are yellow The degree is greatly reduced. From 9 or more Roche units during the grazing period to less than 8.
3. The disease has risen
Some chicken farms have respiratory diseases. Some chicken farms have internal and external parasitic diseases. Marek disease (visceral type) occurs occasionally in some chicken farms.
Second, the reason
Due to the different circumstances of different chicken farms, the issues are more complicated. However, the common problems are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
The chicken is too late
The required temperature range for laying hens is 8-27°C, and the optimum temperature is 13-24°C. If the ambient temperature is too low, it will not only reduce the egg production rate, but also lead to an increase in feed intake and unnecessary loss of nutrition. Under normal circumstances, when the minimum ambient temperature drops to about 5°C, chickens grazing in the wild should be circulated back to the sheds, and plastic sheds equal to or larger than the sheds' area should be added to the yangyang side of the hen house as a playground. However, some chicken farms are still grazing outdoors and there are no insulation facilities at night.
2. Short illumination time
The survey found that many chicken farms have less than 12 hours of light every day (natural light plus artificial light). Some of the chicken farms built in the wild have no power source and have no supplemental lighting at all.
3. Insufficient amount of feed
Some chicken farms use the number and method of feeding materials during grazing, feeding 50 to 75 grams each day, and a few reach 100 grams. For laying hens that have no insulation facilities and are still grazing in the wild, their nutrition is not enough.
4. Malnutrition
Some chicken farms have random ingredients and there are quail feedings; some chicken farms are categorized according to cage chicken standards; some chicken farms purchase local so-called "chaiji special materials"; others have seen that the current feed prices are relatively high. Cheap raw materials, serious imbalance in nutrition. Mainly in the serious shortage of vitamins and trace elements, protein energy imbalance, imbalance in the proportion of minerals, essential amino acids and non-essential amino acid imbalances.
5. Lack of natural yolk color enhancing substances
In the submergence period, although layers are sometimes grazing in the wild, they cannot obtain green feed containing large amounts of chlorophyll, which affects the chroma of the yolk.
6. Poor environment
Some chicken houses do not have insulation facilities, causing low temperatures in the houses; some are tightly sealed, poor ventilation, high humidity, increased concentration of harmful gases, and pathogenic microorganisms; some are extensively treated, and stress phenomena are constant, all of which result in laying performance. Low insecurity and increased disease causes.
Third, countermeasures
1. Increase lighting
Laying hens have a strong dependence on light. Due to the short natural lighting time in winter, artificial supplemental lighting is indispensable. The light should be gradually adjusted to the appropriate time according to the age of the chicken and the stage of laying, so that the light duration during the peak period of the production can be maintained at 16 hours. Morning light or night light may be used in production, or a combination of both. But no matter what kind of method, it should be combined with feeding materials.
2. Scientific ingredients
Most of the eco-stocking chickens choose local chickens, which have strong adaptability and disease resistance and large amount of activity, but there is a big gap between the performance of laying eggs and modern chicken breeds. Therefore, the feed nutrient level should be flexibly controlled based on the breed and production characteristics of the chicken. According to the author's many years of experiment and practical experience, Hebei recommended the formula for feeding nutrition for feedstuffs.
3. Increase the amount of feed
According to the temperature, the amount of activity of the chicken, the amount of free feed in the field, and the egg production rate of the chicken, the feed may be supplemented as appropriate. Some chicken farms see low egg production rates and limit the amount of feed. As a result, the less the feed is fed, the lower the egg production rate. According to the author's experience, due to the large amount of activity of the chickens in this feeding mode, the daily feeding amount of Hebei chaiji should be 10% to 15% higher than that of the caged medium-sized laying hens in the case of better winter insulation. In the case of poor insulation, the amount of feed supplements will increase.
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