To improve the hatching rate of eggs, it's essential to focus on several key factors when raising roosters for breeding. First, selecting a rooster with a strong libido is crucial. Whether through crossbreeding or artificial insemination, a healthy and sexually active rooster is necessary to produce high-quality semen, which directly impacts the success of egg hatching.
Maintaining the right male-to-female ratio is another important aspect. If using natural mating, a 1:7 ratio is recommended. For artificial insemination, one rooster can typically service 40–60 hens per day, provided he is collected once daily. This ensures optimal sperm quality and distribution.
Breeding roosters should be kept separately due to their aggressive nature. When multiple roosters are housed together, they tend to fight, which drains their energy and reduces their sexual drive. Small-scale farmers often combine roosters to save space and reduce costs, but this practice can negatively affect semen quality and overall performance.
Nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining the health and fertility of breeding roosters. Their feed should be balanced, neither too rich nor too lean. It’s important not to feed them with laying hen or commercial hen feed, as these contain high levels of calcium and phosphorus, which can strain their kidneys. Adding vitamins, especially vitamin E, and trace minerals like zinc to their diet can significantly enhance their reproductive health.
When performing artificial insemination, the correct volume and timing are critical. A dose of 0.025 ml is typically sufficient, but this should be doubled in summer. A dilution solution (semen to diluent at a 1:4 ratio) is also recommended during hot weather. Insemination should occur every five days to maintain consistent fertility.
Egg preservation is equally important. Eggs should be stored at 15–20°C with 70–80% humidity, and the blunt end should face down to keep the yolk centered. Many small farms lack proper storage facilities and hatch eggs immediately after laying, resulting in lower hatching rates (around 56–60%). To achieve higher success, eggs should be hatched within 3–5 days, ideally no later than 48 hours post-laying. In winter, eggs should not be stored longer than 10 days, while in summer, the limit is 7 days. Proper storage ensures a hatching rate above 85%.
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