Grass-breeding fish can expand feed sources, reduce production costs, improve fish quality, and increase economic efficiency. To promote grass-fish farming, we must emphasize the following four key technical measures:
(1) Scientific selection of varieties First of all, it is necessary to select green feed varieties with good palatability and eating habits; Second, the use of legumes and forage grasses will help improve the soil and improve the nutritional quality of feeds; third, use perennials. Forage and annual (or new year) pastures work together to serve as a gap for the supply of green or fill the shortage of green in the whole year. Fourthly, shrimp and crab breeding plants on the surface of the water are required to cooperate with submerged plants and emergent plants and floating plants. The general requirement is that the selected forage should be grown for a long period of time and be resistant to multiple cuttings. At the same time, the combination of several forage species can serve as an “anniversary†supply of green fodder during the whole breeding season.
There are many species of pasture and aquatic grasses (collectively called green feeds) that can be used in aquaculture. Terrestrial green feed has ryegrass grasses, winter grazing grasses 70, Sudan grasses, barnyard grasses, millet grasses, hybrid pennisetum Is a legume of alfalfa, white clover, red clover, there are asteraceae bitter leeks, etc., there are corn, pumpkin, hawthorn and other plants; Aquatic green feed water plants with floating water hyacinth, duckweed, Yu Ping, etc. There are submerged plants such as Elodea, Vallisneria, Hymenocallis, etc., there are emergent plants of Artemisia, etc.; water, land and water, there are aquatic leek, Alternanthera philoxeroides (water peanuts) and so on. According to the local actual conditions, such as lighting, precipitation, fertilizer sources, soil conditions and aquaculture species, etc., according to local conditions to select several green feed species, the formation of a reasonable planting and utilization mode. It is necessary to combine land and water, use Chigi and Chipo to plant terrestrial feed, use waste ponds, in-and-out drainage channels, and shrimp and crab breeding to cultivate aquatic green feed on the surface of the water, so that pools can be kept in ponds and water can be raised with water.
(b) Scientific arrangement of gargles Firstly, the selected varieties should be adapted to local conditions. Generally, the three varieties can achieve the purpose of “anniversary†for the purpose of blue; secondly, based on the species and yield of cultivated species and the total yield of pasture, the number of areas for pasture cultivation needs to be determined. For example, about 666.7 square meters (mu) produce about 500 kilograms of fresh fish, and 4000-5000 kilograms of green feed is needed throughout the year. About 0.5 acres of green fodder land (including open space next to fish ponds and pond slope etc.) must be arranged; thirdly, several grasses account for Proportion and exchange technology, such as the selection of legumes such as clover (red clover, white clover, alfalfa, etc.), grasses of ryegrass (Dongmu 70, Lolium multiflorum, etc.) and hybrid Pennisetum (or Sudan) With grass, etc., with planting, it can serve as an "anniversary" for the effect of green.
(3) Scientific cultivation of pastures Cultivation of pastures should not only pay attention to the high yield of each pasture itself, but also the importance of access to varieties before and after. Still taking the above three pastures as examples, the cultivation method is as follows:
Clover: sowing before and after the beginning of September, drilling 25-25 centimeters, seeding amount 0.5-1 kilograms per acre, on the ground without planting clover, seeding rhizobia when inoculated.
Ryegrass: Seed before and after the beginning of September (or transplanting in mid-August and transplanting in mid-September) is also possible, in order to prepare part of the ground seedlings of the hybrid Pennisetum, with a 30-meter row spacing and a seeding rate of 1.5 kg per mu.
Hybrid Pennisetum: transplanted twice. The first transplant was carried out in the middle and late April and the base fertilizer was applied before transplanting. The second transplant was carried out at the end of May, after the last ryegrass was cut and used. Per acre planting capacity, the first transplant 2000, the second transplant 2500.
The above is only a model. In practical applications, the pasture varieties used in different places can be tested according to local conditions to find a suitable green feed model suitable for the local area.
(D) Scientific utilization of pasture When deciding on the polyculture structure of fish culture, a stocking mode based on the stocking of herbivorous fishes such as grass carp, catfish, and breamhead should be selected, and the stocking amount can account for the total weight of the fish species. More than 50%, mixed with about 35% of filter-feeding fish such as cockroaches and cockroaches, and about 15% of omnivorous fish such as cockroaches and cockroaches, so that they can use green feed to directly feed herbivorous fish; Plant debris, humus, etc., can provide bait for omnivorous fish; these fish fecal water, breeding plankton, and provide a rich natural feed for filter-feeding fish. This mode of stocking played a complementary role among the organisms, maintaining a virtuous cycle of fish pond ecology, which is conducive to cost reduction, production increase, and efficiency.
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