The disinfection of bee farms mainly includes the disinfection of beehives, nest spleen, bees, and sites. It is an important measure for the prevention and suppression of various infectious diseases, and it is also an indispensable and important link for comprehensive prevention and control of bee diseases. There are many methods of disinfection, which can be divided into three categories.
Mechanical mildew
This method includes cleaning, scraping, washing and the like. Can only play a role in reducing pathogens, can not achieve complete disinfection purposes.
Physical disinfection
Refers to the use of light and heat and other physical methods for disinfection, kill pathogens.
In the early spring, sunlight is used to insulate the interior of the box, and the sunny place is selected as a wintering site, which can play the role of sunlight disinfection.
Physical sterilization also includes fire, boil, steam, and ultraviolet disinfection. Limited to each apiary condition, it can be adapted to local conditions and applied flexibly.
Chemical disinfection
Chemical disinfection is a disinfection measure that uses various drugs to kill various pathogens. At present, the commonly used drugs for bee production mainly include:
Formalin
The soaking method adds 4.5 liters of water to commercial 0.5 kg of formalin. Before use, the disinfectant should be cleaned, put into formalin-prepared formalin solution and soaked for 12 hours, then removed, washed with clean water, and dried for use.
The fumigation method first soak the required disinfection of the nest spleen with water for 3 hours to 4 hours, then use a honey shaker to shake the dead larvae and debris in the nest spleen, and then put it into the air box and put the spleen into each box. 10 sheets. The 6 boxes are stacked in 1 and the lower one is used as an empty nest box. A large glass bottle is built in, and 10 ml of formaldehyde is released. With a tubular Plastic Film, tighten one end and fit the case. After the preparation work is completed, add 5 grams of potassium permanganate to the bottle and quickly seal it tightly. The bottom of the plastic film shall be plugged with mud. Sealed for 2 days, then stored in a ventilated place, and then added to bee colonies after no smell. This method can be used to disinfect beehive and nest spleen contaminated by cystic larval diseases and spore diseases.
glacial acetic acid
Glacial acetic acid fumigation has a strong killing effect on eggs and larvae of sporozoites and wax cocoons. When the glacial acetic acid is used, it is placed on the uppermost frame beam, a few sheets of wrapping paper are put on the glacial acetic acid, and glacial acetic acid is added dropwise on the absorbent paper. Each box is glacial acetic acid 20 ml-30 ml and sealed for 24 hours.
potassium permanganate
As a strong oxidant, a concentration of 0.1% has a bactericidal effect. The beehive and nest spleen contaminated with mellifera, European juvenile disease, and cystic larvae are commonly soaked in 0.1% solution on the apiary, soaked for 24 hours, washed with clean water, and dried.
sulfur
The gas generated by the burning of sulphur powder has a killing effect on the worm and a variety of bacteria and fungi. It is commonly used to sterilize beehives and nest spleen contaminated by Aspergillus flavus or to control worms. The dosage used is calculated by burning 3 grams to 5 grams of sulphur in each sub tank, and the specific method is the same as that of formaldehyde fumigation.
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