Agrocybe aegerita, commonly known as the "tea mushroom," is a rare and highly nutritious edible fungus that has gained popularity for its unique flavor and health benefits. In the current market, fresh Agrocybe aegerita is priced at around 20 yuan per kilogram. However, the artificial cultivation of this mushroom remains challenging due to low yields, which are mainly influenced by strain selection and substrate formulations. To address this issue, several innovative and effective formulas have been developed for cultivating Agrocybe aegerita. Below are three promising methods:
1. **Tea Husk-Based Formula**
This formula uses tea husk powder (70%), rice bran (20%), tea crumb cake powder (5%), sucrose (2%), lime (1%), gypsum (1%), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1%). The dry ingredients are mixed in the specified proportions, then water is added at a ratio of 1:1.25. After thorough mixing, the mixture is tightly packed and left overnight. It is then placed into dry bags, compacted, and sterilized at 121°C for 2 hours. Once cooled, the bags are inoculated with mycelium and incubated at 22–26°C with 60–70% relative humidity. During fruiting, humidity is increased to 90%. This method results in a 47.4% increase in yield compared to traditional cottonseed hull substrates. Additionally, the tea mushroom cultivated using this formula has a richer taste and more intense flavor, making it ideal for regions like Shandong, where tea production is widespread.
2. **Straw and Cotton Seed Hull Mix**
The second formula includes dry straw powder (15%), wheat bran (15%), cotton seed hulls (59%), corn flour (7.4%), lime (3%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.3%), and magnesium sulfate (0.3%). All materials are weighed and thoroughly mixed. Water is added to achieve a moisture content of 60–65%, and the mixture is filled into 15 cm × 30 cm polypropylene bags. A collar is placed on the bag, and a tampon is inserted. The bags are then sterilized at 100°C for 12–14 hours and inoculated after cooling. This method offers a balanced environment for mycelial growth and fruiting.
3. **Wood Chips and Cotton Shell Blend**
The third formula consists of wood chips (36%), cotton shells (36%), wheat bran (20%), corn flour (5%), tea cake (1%), lime (1%), and sugar (1%). Fresh, mold-free materials are essential for optimal results. When processing wood chips, adding 20–30% bark can enhance nitrogen content. The particle size should be less than 0.4 mm for better nutrient absorption. The water-to-substrate ratio is ideally 1:1.2 to 1:1.25. The material is packed into two layers in 17 cm × 33 cm × 0.0085 cm polypropylene bags and sealed within 4 hours. After sterilization at 100°C, the bags are placed in the incubation chamber. Using this formula, growers can typically harvest 3–5 flushes of mushrooms, yielding 0.2–0.25 kg per bag, with a bioconversion rate of 70–80%.
These formulas not only improve yield but also enhance the quality and flavor of the final product, making them valuable tools for both small-scale farmers and commercial producers.
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