Incompatibility Between Rootstocks and Scions
The term "affinity" refers to the compatibility between a rootstock and a scion when grafted together, which determines whether they can successfully heal and grow. The strength of this affinity depends on how closely related the two plants are. Seedlings from the same species typically have strong compatibility and a high grafting survival rate. However, if the rootstock and scion are not compatible, the graft may fail. For example, when grafting chestnuts, using the same species as the rootstock results in better success rates. Litsea chestnut and regular chestnut belong to the same species. Grafting chestnut varieties like red hair or thin shell onto chestnut rootstocks tends to be successful, while grafting other varieties such as nine-species chestnut or Jingxian chestnut often fails. This is due to incompatibility between the rootstock and scion, leading to issues like failure of callus formation, inability of vascular tissues to connect, or blockage of the xylem and phloem after connection, which prevents nutrient exchange. To avoid this, it's important to select rootstocks with good compatibility and strong adaptability, and avoid those that show incompatibility.Proper Grafting Technique
Improper grafting techniques can lead to failure. If the cut surfaces of the rootstock and scion are uneven, or if the cambium layers don’t align properly, the graft will not take. Additionally, if the contact area is too small, the graft may not form a strong union. After grafting, the leaves on the scion may start to grow and consume stored water and nutrients, but if the rootstock cannot supply enough, the scion may dry out. To prevent this, grafters must follow proper procedures: ensure both the rootstock and scion cuts are smooth and even, align the cambium layers tightly, and wrap the graft site securely without removing the bandage too soon.Timing of Bud Sprouting
If grafting is done too late, the scion may already have sprouted before being grafted. In this case, the leaves may quickly deplete the scion’s stored nutrients before the callus forms, causing the graft to fail. Similarly, weak buds or shoots with only a few leaves may lack the energy to grow and survive. To avoid this, it's essential to store scions properly and graft them at the right time. Avoid using scions that have already sprouted or are weak. Instead, use healthy, dormant buds for better success.Early Anvil Removal
Sometimes, rootstocks are sown early in spring, and fruit seedlings are grafted in summer or autumn. However, if the anvil (the part of the rootstock that is cut) is removed too early, the rootstock may die along with the scion. This happens because the nutrients stored in the seed have been used up, and the young plant lacks leaves to produce food. To prevent this, you should wait about 10 days after the seedling emerges before making the anvil cut. Instead of cutting the stem completely, break it by two-thirds, leaving one-third connected so the upper leaves can continue producing nutrients for the graft. Once the new growth reaches about 30 cm in height, the anvil can be fully removed. Another method is to leave 4-5 intact leaves below the graft interface. These leaves can provide nutrients to support the graft until it becomes established.Yeast Powder,Yeast Free Diet Meal,Nutritional Yeast Flakes,Inactive Yeast Powder
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