The grating type full-wavelength microplate reader is also called a microplate spectrophotometer, a full-wavelength plate reader, a biochemical reading device with a grating as a beam splitting element and a microplate as a sample carrier, and is mainly used in scientific research fields. The grating type full-wavelength microplate reader has the following advantages compared with the conventional filter type microplate reader:
First, the wavelength selection is not limited
There are many classification methods for multi-function microplate readers. Generally speaking, they can be divided into two types: filter type and grating type. In general, the filter technology has been developed for a long time, and the optical path system such as dichroic mirror (in fact, another type of filter reflective filter) can meet the needs of most experiments, and is the mainstream of daily inspection.
However, filter-type instruments are limited by the wavelength and number of filters, and it is impossible to meet the needs of the increasing types of experiments. Sometimes, it is necessary to study the absorption, excitation and emission spectra of substances, so it was born. Grating type instrument. The first grating-type multi-function microplate reader was introduced by MD.
The introduction of the grating type microplate reader makes the user no longer limited in wavelength selection. For example, SP-Max 2300A grating type full-wavelength microplate reader of Shanghai Xingpu Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has a spectral range of 190nm-1000nm, and the wavelength can be any. Tuning, and beyond the filter system in terms of stray light rate, bandwidth control and other performance. Some can also achieve continuous bandwidth adjustment, such as SP-Max 3500 multi-function full-wavelength fluorescence microplate reader. These are not currently possible or difficult to achieve with a filter-type microplate reader. At present, the grating type full-wavelength microplate reader has become the mainstream of research.
Second, low stray light rate, high wavelength accuracy
Grating-type filter system has become the mainstream of the current universal multi-function microplate reader. Many manufacturers have worked together to push the grating technology to a new high. Among the many technical parameters of the grating, the most critical is the accuracy of the grating's stray light rate and wavelength selection.
The stray light ratio refers to the ratio of the light of the "unwanted" wavelength to the light of the nominal wavelength in the light obtained after the light source passes through the grating, which characterizes the purity of the filter. Due to the complexity of light interference, diffraction, etc., stray light is inevitable regardless of whether a filter or a grating is used. The essence of various filtering techniques is to find ways to remove stray light as much as possible. In general, the filter type has a stray light ratio of 10-4 to 10-5, and the grating type can achieve 10-6 to 10-7. Since such stray light is non-specific and goes directly to the final detector, how many random errors are introduced by how much stray light is introduced. In the detection process such as fluorescence, due to the amplification effect of the detector, the interference of the stray light rate is also exponentially amplified. Therefore, the stray light rate is the primary performance indicator of a filter system.
Another important indicator of gratings is the accuracy of wavelength selection. Because many tests rely on the characteristic map of a substance at a certain wavelength. Just like the OD260 concentration of DNA/RNA, if the actual detection wavelength deviates from 260 nm by more than a few nm, the mathematical relationship between the OD value and the final concentration will change. Therefore, a set of high performance grating systems, his wavelength selection accuracy should be between ± 0.5 ~ 1nm. Excessive wavelength deviation sometimes affects the accuracy of the final result, and Shanghai Sprite Biotech's SP-Max 3500 and SP-Max 2300A grating-type full-wavelength scanners have a wavelength selection accuracy of ±0.2 nm. Best for the industry.
These two parameters can be described as the most critical technical parameters of the grating and even the filter filter system, which directly affects whether the data is the true measurement result, and is the most basic requirement for the reliability of the experimental results.
Third, the detection sensitivity is high
On the basis of ensuring reliable detection, the next difference between different instruments is reflected in the sensitivity of the detection. At this time, people are concerned about how weak the signal can be detected by the instrument.
Sensitivity involves the design and selection of the entire optical path system. It is difficult to say that a certain component will play a decisive role. However, among the various single-function detection items, the non-amplifying photodiode for light absorption detection, the photomultiplier tube for fluorescence detection, and the single-photon counting photomultiplier tube for luminescence detection are three different detections. The device is the preferred choice for each field of testing.
The optimal results for each individual test are performed with the corresponding detector. Of course, some instruments are considered to be compatible with a variety of detection modes due to cost considerations. This can also complete the experimental requirements to a certain extent, but there will be a compromise in performance, and it is impossible to achieve various tests. optimize.
This shows that the development of the grating type microplate reader has entered a new height. In addition to the irreplaceable role in flexibility, it also gradually replaces the traditional filter type microplate reader in terms of detection sensitivity. . The grating type is the main development trend of the multi-function microplate reader in the scientific research field; and the filter type instrument is also improving in the aspect of better single performance.
Fourth, the sample container has diversity
In addition to the conventional 6-384/1536-well ELISA plate, some instruments are also equipped with compatible functions such as cuvettes and micro-test plates. Whether using vertical cuvettes, horizontal cuvettes or various micro-test plates, the goal is to introduce a standard optical path concept for the detection of unrestricted microplates. Although the ELISA plate can also realize the conversion of the OD value of the 10 mm optical path by means of optical path correction, this is only a mathematical conversion process, and the detection error is accumulated more, and the actual use effect is not good. After the introduction of the cuvette and the micro-test plate, the detection optical path of the light absorption is fixed to a standard length of 10 mm or 0.5 mm, and the OD value conversion is simpler and more accurate. The microplate reader with such detection function is equivalent to the function of the UV-visible spectrophotometer in addition to its own multi-function enzyme label detection, which makes the function more comprehensive and the instrument cost-effective.
Shanghai Xingpu Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is the only manufacturer of grating-type full-wavelength microplate readers in China. It has launched SP-Max 3500 multi-function fully based on the project of “High-throughput food and drug testing instrument development†of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission. Wavelength fluorescence microplate reader, SP-Max 2300A grating type full-wavelength microplate reader, integrated full-wavelength microplate reader and ultra-micro spectrophotometer, performance and imported products go hand in hand, is the first choice for scientific research users.
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