Summer corn topdressing should be digging or digging

The production of summer corn is in a hot and rainy season, and the supply of soil nutrients is strengthened in this season. Experts suggest that farmers' friends estimate and make full use of local water and heat resources to reasonably distribute fertilizers and increase fertilizers according to the seasonal characteristics of the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system. Utilization rate, achieve high production efficiency, reduce environmental pollution.

It has entered the summer harvest and summer broadcast season. North China is mostly planted on the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system. In terms of production management, especially the management of nutrients in fertilization, the winter wheat and summer maize crops must be regarded as integrated and integrated. It is necessary to see that the production of summer maize is in a hot and rainy season, and the supply of soil nutrients is strengthened in this season. And make full use of local water and heat resources, in accordance with the seasonal characteristics of the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system, rationally allocate fertilizers, increase the utilization rate, achieve high-yield and high-efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution.

In the production arrangement, we must also see that the sowing of summer maize is in a particularly tight season. In many areas, the speed of harvesting and planting is not enough to turn over the pressure and deepen the basal fertilizer. Some areas are stuck after the wheat is harvested.茬 sowing, therefore, summer corn is usually not basal, only applying fertilizer and top dressing. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the characteristics of summer corn fertilization for the reference of farmers.

From the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system, the growth period of summer maize is short, about 100 days, and it is generally about 20 days shorter than that of spring corn. The total amount of fertilizer during the whole growth period was less than that of winter wheat, but the time for drawing fertilizer was more concentrated and earlier. In terms of nutrient demand quantity and NPK ratio, there are characteristics in the production of 100 kg of summer corn kernels, which need to absorb 2.5-2.7 kg of nitrogen (N), 1.1-1.4 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) and 3.2-3.8 kg of potassium (K2O). The average ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N:P2O5:K2O) is 1:0.50:1.35. The recommended fertilizer levels for general production levels in the production are nitrogen (N) 12 kg/mu, phosphorus (P2O5) 3–4 kg/mu, and potassium (K2O) 4–6 kg/mu. During the fertilization period, because the absorption time of N, P and K nutrients in summer maize is earlier than that of spring maize, it reaches the absorption peak at the jointing and booting stage. According to this feature, fertilization should be applied before the peak of fertilizer requirement.

Compared with nitrogen absorption, the N uptake of spring maize at the seedling stage accounted for only 2.1% of the total N uptake during the whole growth period, 51.2% from the jointing stage to the heading stage, and 46.7% at the late stage. Summer maize was characterized by seedling stage absorption. Nitrogen was more, accounting for 9.7% of total nitrogen uptake in the whole growth period, 78.5% in the middle period, and only 11.9% in the later period. Phosphorus uptake by summer maize is a large proportion of seedlings, and then it gradually declines. The accumulated potassium uptake is the fastest in the late jointing period and reaches the peak at the flowering stage, after which the absorption of nutrients is significantly reduced. In view of the staged characteristics of the absorption process of summer maize, the fertilization scheme for summer maize is generally composed of seed fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer. In order to ensure a good harvest of summer corn, topdressing should grasp the principles of “early” and “heavy” before it is expected to obtain high yield and high efficiency.

The response of summer maize to phosphorus fertilizer is not as large as that of winter wheat in the rotation, so the principle of applying phosphate fertilizer is to re-apply P fertilizer on winter wheat (about 2/3 of the annual phosphorus application amount), and apply lighter phosphorus fertilizer to summer maize (about the anniversary). Although 1/3 of the amount of phosphorus applied, there is no need to apply more phosphate fertilizer, but the amount of phosphate fertilizer to be precise should highlight an "early application", which is generally applied at the seedling stage. Suitable dosage ranges from 2 to 5 kg/mu phosphorus. After the Miao was injected into the soil, it would be too late to apply phosphate fertilizer after the big bell, and the late application of phosphate fertilizer also affected the yield.

Summer maize and winter wheat rotation, direct harvesting of wheat after harvest, sometimes applying some seed fertilizer at the time of sowing, and top dressing with the principle of “heavy light before light”. The early application of phosphate fertilizer contributed to the yield of summer corn by increasing the grain number and showing a reduction in baldness. The key period for the application of phosphorus in summer corn is from the end of June and the latest should not exceed the first half of July.

In top-dressing operations, 2/3 of the total nitrogen was applied in the jointing period in the past, and the remaining 1/3 was applied to the big bell-mouth period. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were generally applied at the seedling stage. Recent studies have shown that due to the live harvesting of summer corn, the base fertilizer is generally not used and the seed fertilizer is not sufficient. Therefore, the top dressing should be applied early. The amount of nitrogen used in the high-yielding field should account for 30% of the total nitrogen application amount. Increase the proportion by 40%. The general trend is to top-dress the corn after the seedlings have been established. All phosphorus, 1/2 potassium, and 1/3 nitrogen are topdressed, and the ditch or digging hole is applied to a depth of 10 cm. To the jointing stage or the big bell-mouth period, apply the remaining 2/3 nitrogen fertilizer and 1/2 potash fertilizer as top dressing.

In the high temperature and rainy season, in order to prevent the volatilization loss of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and increase the fertilizer utilization rate, the top dressing of summer corn should be ditched or dig fertilized, and cover soil, and do not spread the surface.

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