Pheasant control methods

Chicken eggs, also known as oysters, prawns, oysters, and oysters, are a syndrome of taste abnormalities caused by the lack of many nutrients and their metabolic disorders. Chickens of all ages and breeds can occur, especially in chickens and chickens, especially in intensive and caged chickens. Once the evil pheasant chickens emerge, they will soon spread to the entire flock. In severe cases, the incidence rate will be over 80% and the mortality rate will be 50%. Even if the motivating factor disappears, evil spirits will often continue in chickens, causing chickens to be injured, disabled and killed, resulting in certain economic losses.

1 Causes of Chicken Evil

The chickens are guilty of evil, with internal causes and incentives. The internal cause is mainly a congenital genetic factor, and the inducement is mainly the evoked effect of human factors on the internal cause. Some people think that chicken crickets are caused by improper feeding and management, narrow chicken bars, and insufficient sulphides in feed. Others believe that chicken crickets are caused by insufficient alkali and calcium in feed, lack of protein and vitamins, and intensive feeding and lack of outdoor sports. From the point of view of modern veterinary science, chicken cockroaches is a stress syndrome that is caused by incomplete artificial conditions that induce congenital genetic factors in chickens. There are mainly the following causes of chicken lice.

1.1 Insufficient nutrient content in diets, or improper proportions of various nutrients such as insufficient dietary nutrient content, low content of animal protein or certain amino acids, imbalance of amino acids, low crude fiber content, lack of vitamins and minerals, and green feed Or lack of roughage, lack of salt, corn content is too high. Full-price pellets are more likely to cause chicken roaches than powders and cages.

(1) Proteins and amino acids are essential nutrients for the life of the bird. For example, laying hens need 8 g of protein per day, and 15 g of protein per egg. If the egg production rate is kept at 70%, then each chicken needs no less than 18.5 g of protein per day. It is generally believed that the crude protein in layer laying hens is less than 15%, the medium chickens are less than 14%, and the chicks are less than 19%; or the hens are less than 0.27% in the diets of hens and medium chickens are less than 0.25%. Chicks less than 0.3% are easy to induce lice. In addition, the diet only has plant protein but no animal protein, or enough methionine, but it ignores the balance of various amino acids, and it is easy to induce lice.

(2) The lack or deficiency of a certain kind of vitamin can cause the chicken's physiological dysfunction and metabolic disorders. Normal chicken diets contain at least 14 essential vitamins, and the proportion must be appropriate, otherwise disease will occur. For example, the lack of VB1, VB2, or VB12 in chicken diets can affect the normal absorption of protein in chickens. The lack of VB6 can cause disorder in the chicken body's information transmission and even obvious neurological symptoms.

(3) Trace elements such as Ca, P, etc., and trace elements such as Fe and Se are indispensable for the formation of cells in the body of a bird, the formation of skeletons, and the maintenance of muscles and neurophysiological activities. For example, the absorption rate of Ca in the diet of chickens is between 50% and 60%, and each egg contains about 2.2 g of calcium. Therefore, for each laying hen, it needs at least 4 g Ca. It is generally believed that the Ca content in the diet is less than 3% in laying hens, less than 0.6% in medium chickens, and less than 0.9% in chicks; or the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in diets is lower than that in laying hens: 5:1. Below 1.2:1, chicks below 1.3:1 can induce lice. In addition, the salt in the diet is less than 0.3%; there are deficiencies in various trace elements; or inappropriate proportions of various trace elements can also induce lice.

(4) The crude fiber in the diet can promote intestinal peristalsis and digestion and absorption. Generally speaking, the crude fiber content in the diet should not be lower than 2.5% and higher than 4.5%. The medium chicken should not be lower than 3% and higher than 5%, and the chick should not be lower than 3% and higher than 4 %.

1.2 Poor chicken breeding environment, improper feeding and management (1) High temperature and poor ventilation; High concentrations of harmful gases, ammonia gas, dazzling; The ground is wet, the chickens feel hot and uncomfortable; The sun is too strong or the light is too strong. The illumination system is irrational; restricting feeding, etc., can make chickens feel irritated, induce lice, and affect the egg production rate. (2) The chicken's ability to identify peers is limited. If the group size is too large, cage raising or flat raising density is too high, it will increase the chance of being unfamiliar with one another and often encounter each other. Frequent fights often occur. (3) Strong and weak polyculture, polyculture, or polyculture of different breeds, different ages, and different feather colors when regrouping. (4) The light intensity in the nest box is too strong, or the number of nest boxes is insufficient. The egg collection is not timely, especially when shell eggs and soft shell eggs are not harvested in time. Once the chicken is stepped on, the eggs will be quickly induced after eating. (5) Misfeeds. Such as feeding time is not fixed, the amount of feeding is not enough, the feeding time is uncertain, the quality of feed is poor, mildew, deterioration, and insufficient supply of drinking water. In addition, if the manger is not enough, or if you change the number and timing of feeding at random, the chicken will have a strong bully in the fight and will develop filth in the bucket.

1.3 Chickens suffering from parasitic diseases have internal parasitic diseases. After the defecation, the body often remains inside and outside the anus. At this time, the chicken feels itchy because of itching, or other chickens quickly come to see the insects Eat and break the anus. Chickens with ectoparasites often itch and itch, and once they have bleed, they will immediately sizzle their chickens.

1.4 Other factors (1) Moulting factors. Moulting chickens, chicks produce new hair buds, itchy skin, occasional bruising when itching, it can also attract the same group of chickens. (2) Hormone factors. The increase of estrogen and progesterone in the soon-to-be-opened chicken's blood, and the increase in androgen of roosters, are all factors that contribute to the increase in aggressiveness. (3) Untreated disease, diseased chickens were not kept in isolation. Such as: suffering from parasites, enteritis, skin itching when moulting, and failed to timely in the trauma, bruises, anal fissure, Cloaca and other diseased chicken isolation and feeding. In particular, there is no isolation of chickens that often seek special opportunities to eat other chickens' anus, wounds, etc. (4) Adjust the flock and determine the group order. When broilers and laying hens adjust their flocks, the introduction of new chickens will destroy the original stability pattern, and often there will be fighting to reestablish the group order, and mutual entanglements will occur before affiliation is determined.

2 Common types of chicken eggs

2.1 The carnivore is the most common kind of evil cockroach. When the same group of birds attack each other, and damage or even death occurs, some of the bodies are eaten by attackers. Can occur in different breeds of chickens, chicks of all ages can occur. If it is prevented in chicks, it rarely occurs before adulthood.

2.2 Anal fistula Anal and its lower abdomen is the most serious type of lice, found in high-yielding caged chickens or open-breeding flocks. Most of the losses are high-producing hens. The incentive is to oversize the eggs. Responsible for a long time resulting in rectal or tear. Once the anus has been smashed, the flock disputes until the gut falls and falls, causing death. After mating chickens and when the chickens are white, the feathers around the anus are covered with white ash-like fecal matter, which can easily cause licking of the anus.

2.3 Feather mites occur during the moulting period of young chicks during development, as well as during the moulting and rich periods of laying hens, especially when high-yield new chickens are most prone to occur. They are mostly related to sulphur-containing amino acids, sulfur and vitamin B deficiency. . Show feathers, wings, tails or self-tucking, bedding, and mutual defilement. Often incomplete feathers, skin exposed, decreased egg production. Sometimes the flesh is exposed to bleeding and it develops into a clam meat.

2.4 The toe pheasants feed each other on the toes, causing bleeding or claudication. Severe toes can be severed and young chicks are most likely to occur. In addition, cockroaches and cockroaches are more common in battles between cockerels, and cockroaches are more common in chickens whose feet have been affected by ectoparasites.

2.5 Freshly laid egg laying hens lay their eggs and the chickens rush for food. Occasionally, laying hens also feed on their own eggs. This occurs mainly in laying hens, especially in spring season where eggs are flourishing. Due to lack of calcium or protein content in feed, often accompanied by thin shell or soft shell eggs. Eggs are often stepped on by soft shells, or occasionally in the nest or on the ground to break an egg.

2.6 Ivory eats old white ash, bricks, ceramic pieces, swallows feathers and sawdust that are contaminated with excrement, and is found mostly in medium- or mid-range chickens. Chickens commonly suffer from indigestion, featherlessness, and loss of weight.

3 Precautions for Chicken Fleas

3.1 Timely deterrence and repairs Timely deterrence and repairs are a good way to prevent and stop the occurrence of cockroaches. Breaking worms is the use of special equipment to cut off the tip of the cockroach. After breaking the cockroach, the upper cockroach is slightly shorter and the lower cockroach is slightly longer, so that the chicken loses the ability to bruise the skin and eat eggs, thereby avoiding the formation of cockroaches. Although we can not completely prevent lice, we can reduce the incidence of delirium and reduce its damage, and can also save feed.

(1) Broken devices: Broken devices have been mass-produced in China. There is no breaker and scissors and electric iron can be used instead. Another thin iron plate is used to drill several oval-shaped holes of different diameters according to the thickness of the chicken gizzard as a protective plate.

(2) The timing of deafness: early deafness, 5-9 days old (or 7-10 days old) is better for the first time, and 10-12 weeks old (or before the start of production) for the layer. Late deafness was performed at l0-12 weeks of age. At the latest by 18 weeks of age, because egg production breaks down, the egg production rate will decrease. If you do not want to cut off the whole group, you should at least remove the evil chicken in the flock and cut it off.

(3) surgical debridement: 1 early deafness surgery. The assistant holds the chicken in the right hand, holds the protective plate in the left hand, and inserts the chicks into the appropriate hole in the hole on the plate, so that the exposed length of the chicken gills is 1/3 from the axillary tip to the nostrils. Pay attention so that the head of the chick is lowered downwards and the upper end of the protection board is tilted inwards so that the exposed upper jaw is longer and the lower jaw is shorter. The operator holds the red-hot soldering iron from the tip of the tip, and the tip is cut and layered until it is 1/3 from the tip of the tip to the nostrils. When bleeding, use a soldering iron for a few seconds to reduce bleeding. In the process of electro-coating, the head of the chick is lowered downwards, so that the tip of the tongue is not injured; the protection plate has a certain degree of inclination, and the purpose of shortening and lengthening the upper jaw can be achieved after the broken jaw. 2 advanced fracture surgery. The upper and lower jaws must be performed in separate stages. When the palate is broken, l/2 is cut off with red-hot scissors; when the jaw is broken, 1/3 is cut off (both referring to the length from the tip of the palate to the nostrils). Immediately after cutting off, sharpen the corners with electric iron to make it blunt. During the burning process, the chicken's neck is stretched and the chicken tongue can be automatically retracted. Then, a thin iron plate is used to hold the tongue and mucous membrane to avoid burning the mucous membrane of the tongue.

(4) The method of cutting off the crucible includes: 1) Discharge the torch and light the torch, and then magnify the iron plate with a suitable thickness at a distance of 5-10cm from the nozzle, and adjust the distance so that the iron plate burns to dark red, and then the chick The tip touched the hot plate and cut it off. (2) The method of breaking the iron furnace is to increase the burning of coal in the pig iron furnace for brooding, until the furnace wall at the upper end of the furnace is dark red, and the tip of the chick is pressed against the wall of the furnace and the iron is broken. To be precise and precise, it's best to ask professionals to do it. Successful breaks can prevent embarrassment and reduce feed wastage.

(5) Repairing: Some chickens that have been cut off early, when they are sexually mature, the quails will regenerate and become uneven. The chickens should be repaired in time. Do not cut too much when repairing.

(6) Precautions: VK0.5-1 mg should be added to drinking water every 10 chicks per day before and after the break to prevent bleeding; do not immunize within 5 days before and after the break; late breaks Should be carried out in cool weather, after the supply of cool drinking water; 1-2 weeks after the break should be fed powder feed, feed and drinking water tank to maintain about 6.5 cm. After the wound is healed, feed pellets.

3.2 Feeding nutrients with nutrients at full price (1) Formulating feed nutrients should be balanced at full price. Animal feeds should account for 5%-10%, crude protein should be maintained at 18%-20% in chicks, young chickens should account for 14%-18%, mineral feeds should account for 3%-4%, and salt should be 0.3%-0.5%. The calcium content in the green young stage feed is 0.7%-0.8%, and the calcium in the adult chicken diet is 0.8%-1.2%. At the same time, appropriate amount of green feed or hay powder should be added. Note that the corn content should not exceed 65%. No animal protein formula should pay special attention to the balance of amino acids, avoid single feed and receive good results. (2) Purchase the required feed from a regular feed yard or dealer. The feed monitoring department should constantly monitor feed stores to ensure the quality of feeds. Feeds of different types must not be used or substituted. For example, feeds for laying hens can only be fed to laying hens. Feeds for broilers can only be used for broilers. (3) Self-matched feeds must be formulated based on the age of the flock, production levels, and feeding standards. The metabolic energy, crude protein, various essential amino acids, minerals, and vitamins contained in the diet must meet the requirements for feeding standards. In the total crude protein diet, animal protein should not be less than 2/3. When preparing, you must carefully mix the ingredients. Use as freshly as possible after preparation to prevent mildew. (4) The addition of 0.2% methionine to the diet can reduce the occurrence of dysentery. Each chicken will be supplemented with 0.5-3 g of gypsum powder every day, and the feathers will soon disappear. Salt deficiency caused by the evil, can be added in the diet 1.5% -2% salt, continuous 3-4 d, but not long-term feeding, so as not to cause salt poisoning. (5) Feed gravel to improve chicken digestibility. Do not use ordinary fine sand. Use hard, unbreakable gravel selected from the river sand, chickens with large grains of small grains, chickens with high grain grains and corn grains. Flat chickens often have gravel troughs for free feeding, and cage chickens can incorporate 0.5%-0.7% grits in the diet.

3.3 Implementing Scientific Management

(1) Flock size and stocking density: Decreasing the rearing density and providing enough space for the chickens can reduce the chances of embarrassment. It is advisable to use 200-300 chickens per group in general chicken farms, and 100-200 chickens per farm for specialized households. When the breeding density is too high, the chicken's activity space is reduced. At the same time, carbon dioxide and defecation are exhaled. The house is contaminated with air, which affects both health and malaise.

For raising broods, each group should not exceed 100, and the rearing density should be decreased with the increase of the age of the chickens. Chickens should be reared at 20-30/m2, and raised chickens at 7-18 weeks of age must be 10/m2. It is appropriate. Cage chickens to ensure that each chicken has 270-28O cm2 cage position, it is best to keep each chicken in a grid, the size of the mesh between the grid and the grid can not be mutually exclusive.

(2) Grouping: According to the differences between male and female, strength and weakness, size and species, group the diseased chickens at any time, eliminate the evil chickens and chickens that are difficult to cure.

(3) Water supply and feeding: Fully-equipped feed trough, highly suitable, feeding timing, quantitative, and qualitative; providing enough drinking fountains, supplying drinking water, maintaining clean drinking water in the water tank, maintaining the established feeding system, and avoiding disputes.

(4) Preventing injury: Any utensils that chickens can touch should not have sharp protrusions to prevent stabbing of chickens. The chickens (broiler breeders) with emphasis on the natural mating should take measures to prevent bruising of the hen's back. For example, coat the hen's back with a layer of cloth before mating, or give the cockerel a broken toe beforehand.

(5) Scientific management: Avoid feeding mildewed feed. Set up a sand bath in a chicken house or in a sports field, or hang green feed in a sports field to increase its activity time and reduce the incidence of evil. Nests should be set up inside the house to reduce environmental conditions.

3.4 Guaranteed Environmental Conditions (1) Temperature and Humidity: Strictly control the temperature and humidity to avoid causing crowded stacking, irritability, and aversion. The temperature is preferably maintained at 18-25 °C. Below 5°C, measures should be taken to keep warm, and if it is higher than 30°C, measures should be taken to reduce the temperature. The relative humidity in the broiler house and brooding house should be maintained at 50%-60% and should not be wet or hot. (2) Illumination: The color of the light is related to the occurrence of evil spirits. Lights that are too bright can easily cause anal fistulas and fistulas. Improper light control during the brooding period, prone to paralysis during the laying period, resulting in irreparable damage. Artificial artificial lighting for chickens should use incandescent light bulbs with soft light, if necessary, with red or green light bulbs. The intensity of light is clearly visible in visibility and should be in the range of 5-30 lux. Except for 1-2 weeks of age requiring brighter lighting, a 40 watt lamp is generally used for every 15 m2, and the brightness of 3 watt/m2 incandescent lamp is the upper limit. If the window is bright, paint on the glass, or hang colored curtains. The lighting time is strictly according to the feeding and management regulations. (3) Air: Indoor ventilation should always be kept well, clean and dry, fresh air, and minimize the harmful gas content in the house. The amount of respiration of the chicken is large, and under suitable conditions of temperature, feces and litter, etc. will be microbial action and decomposition of a large number of harmful gases such as NH3, H2S, CO2. The accumulation of these harmful gases will encourage restless chickens. Therefore, we must pay attention to ensuring that the required ambient temperature, but also to ensure that the air is fresh, can not ignore them.

3.5 Periodically deworming The insect parasites are regularly dewormed according to specific conditions and the surface parasites are promptly eliminated.

4 Chicken Cockroach Treatments

To treat this disease, we must first understand the causes of paralysis, and then according to the reasons, take appropriate treatment measures, the most important is to improve the feeding and management conditions.

4.1 Isolation and rearing In time, remove the chickens with strong tending tendency and keep them separately; isolate the beaked chickens and take effective treatment measures.

4.2 The main cause of the investigation is to check whether various nutrients (including various vitamins and trace elements) in the diet are up to the standard for feeding; whether the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, stocking density, light, air, etc. are appropriate; whether the group is inspected Reasonable; check if the feed water is on time. Then for the reasons, determine the specific solution. For a small number of obvious evil chickens should be eliminated as soon as possible.

4.3 Symptomatic treatment (1) The use of FeSO4 and VB2 in the treatment of ticks has a significant effect. For chickens weighing more than 500g, FeSO4 tablets 0.9g and VB22.5mg were taken each time, 2-3 times per day, and even served for 3-4 days. (2) Add 1% Na2SO4, or 1%-2% gypsum powder (commercially available natural gypsum) to the diet of the chicken until the cacao disappears. Or give the patient an internal gypsum, 0.5-3.0g/only, once/d, and take it for several days. (3) Chicks of about 15 days of age were fed into the diet at a dosage of 25 mg of oxytetracycline, 150 mg of dry yeast, and 100 mg of malt powder each time, three times a day for 6 days. (4) For those chickens that have been injured, apply a disinfectant solution or bactericidal ointment that is similar to the coat color to the bedding wound, such as gentian violet, camphor oil, iodine, fish ointment and berberine, Chloramphenicol and so on. On the one hand to reduce inflammation, on the one hand to make chicken know how to retreat, there is a good therapeutic effect. In addition, the use of "special effects 啄 宁 宁 宁 、", "啄 灵 灵 灵" and other drugs for treatment, the effect is better. When the wound is healed and there is no exudate, it is returned to the original herd. As a precaution, use the used waste generator oil from the generator and apply it to the vulnerable area. Use its unpleasant smell and unattractive colors to make the chicken lose its interest. (5) Add 3% feather meal or 0.2% methionine to the diet until the quail disappears. For chickens that eat feathers (broiled), 1–2% gypsum powder is added to the feed, or 0.5–3 g per bird per day can quickly disappear. For the lack of salt or certain minerals, the addition of 2%-4% salt in the diet can be cured, but can not be fed for a long time to avoid salt poisoning. (6) Obstinate groups that have failed to be treated can be changed to the ground for a period of time. Sand pits, straw bales or hanging weeds, vegetables, etc. are set in the venue. They try to induce chickens to be more active in order to distract the chickens. To restore normal physiological function. The chickens that have already formed a cocoon can dim the light in the house or use red light, and can also put melon vines, tubers and vegetables in their homes for their food to distract their attention.

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