Golden twigs are highly valued for their excellent shading ability and ornamental appeal. They are a popular choice in greenery, often grafted onto the roots of Chinese wolfberry for cultivation. The grafting process involves careful selection of rootstocks and appropriate techniques to ensure successful growth and aesthetic results.
Rootstock selection plays a crucial role in the success of golden twig grafting. For annual seedlings, root shoots with a diameter between 0.5 to 1 cm are ideal, while perennial seedlings with diameters ranging from 3 to 5 cm can also be used. However, different grafting methods should be applied depending on the type of rootstock. Golden twigs grow faster than Chinese crickets, which can lead to a "big head and small feet" appearance at the grafting site. Using perennial seedlings as rootstocks and employing high branching techniques can speed up the formation process and reduce the time needed for transplanting. However, when multiple scions are grafted in the same area, the branches may have a narrow angle, leading to a "neck phenomenon," where the grafting site is weak and prone to damage from wind. Additionally, such seedlings may face limitations in plasticity, renewal, and rejuvenation, resulting in uneven trunk and branch colors.
In contrast, using annual seedlings as rootstocks and performing budding 10 cm above the root neck can result in slower shaping but more uniform coloration before the main epidermis fully hardens. This method offers better wind resistance, flexibility in shaping, and easier renewal. If the root and neck of the rootstock are buried underground during transplanting, it can negatively affect both the plant's appearance and its growth, potentially causing stunting. Therefore, in the long run, budding with annual rootstocks proves to be more beneficial.
The timing of grafting is another important factor. Key considerations include seedling size, production schedules, the phenological stages of rootstocks and scion buds, and avoiding adverse weather conditions. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, for example, March and April are ideal months for grafting, as buds are full and germination begins. Scions with active buds and xylem can be used, while unused ones should be stored in a cool, ventilated place with moist sand. From late May to July, sap flow is strong, making it suitable for the "T" shape grafting method, also known as the "hot sticky skin" technique. After August grafting, if the growing season is short, the plants may need to overwinter and be cut back the following spring before bud break. Branching can occur from late March to early May, and proper preparation of scions is essential. However, prolonged storage can reduce scion viability. Regardless of the grafting method, scions must be healthy, vigorous, and free from pests or diseases. Grafting should be avoided on rainy days to prevent water from entering the graft site and reducing survival rates.
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