Celery growth is closely related to environmental conditions, particularly temperature and soil quality. The optimal temperature for seed germination is between 18°C and 20°C. While germination may occur more quickly at temperatures above 25°C, it increases the risk of heat damage, and seeds lose viability when exposed to temperatures above 30°C. In protected cultivation, daytime temperatures are typically maintained between 20°C and 25°C, while nighttime temperatures should not drop below 10°C to ensure healthy growth.
Celery has a shallow root system and prefers well-drained, fertile soils with good water retention. Loamy or sandy loam soils rich in organic matter are ideal for growing celery. These soils help maintain moisture without becoming waterlogged, which is crucial for the plant’s development.
Seed treatment is an essential step before planting. First, seeds should be disinfected by soaking them in 48°C water for 30 minutes, with constant stirring. Afterward, they should be rinsed in cold water and left to soak for 24 hours. Once soaked, the seeds are washed, drained, wrapped in gauze, and placed on a damp towel under a temperature of 18°C to 20°C. When approximately 30% to 50% of the seeds show white sprouts, they are ready to be sown.
For seedling preparation, the seedbed should be well-drained, loose, and fertile. Apply 25 kg of decomposed organic manure, 100 g of NPK fertilizer, and 50 g of carbendazim per square meter. The bed should be tilled to a width of 1–1.2 meters and a height of 0.3–0.4 meters, with ditches 0.15–0.2 meters high. This ensures proper drainage and nutrient distribution.
Seeding rates vary depending on the season. For summer and autumn crops, use 150–180 grams of local celery seeds per acre, while winter and spring crops require 100–120 grams. For general celery, 80–100 grams per acre is sufficient. Soak the seeds in water until it is fully absorbed, then scatter a thin layer of soil before sowing. Cover the seeds with fine soil (0.5–0.6 cm) and place a light layer of straw or wheat straw on top to retain moisture, provide cooling in summer, and protect against heavy rain.
Seedling management involves careful temperature control. In winter and spring, cover the seedlings with insulation film in greenhouses and remove it once they emerge. Gradually increase ventilation as temperatures rise. For summer and autumn, use double coverage with a small awning to provide shade and cooling.
Watering should be done frequently to keep the soil moist but not soggy. In summer, water early in the morning, while in winter and spring, water during sunny mornings. Thinning is necessary when the seedlings have two true leaves, starting at 1 cm tall and repeating 1–2 times to ensure spacing of about 2 cm. Water immediately after thinning to reduce stress on the plants.
Before transplanting, apply base fertilizer to the field. For medium fertility soil, add 3,000–5,000 kg of decomposed manure and 40–50 kg of NPK fertilizer per acre. Till the soil to a depth of 20 cm and mix thoroughly. Plant celery at a density of 25,000–35,000 plants per acre, adjusting based on the season. Before transplanting, stop watering for 3–4 days to harden off the seedlings. Plant them using a shovel, ensuring the planting depth matches the original seedbed level to avoid exposing the heart.
After planting, water the seedlings within 3–5 days. Apply 5 kg of urea per acre 10–15 days after planting, followed by another application of 10 kg each of urea and potassium sulfate 20–25 days later. Stop fertilizing and watering 10 days before harvest to reduce nitrate content and improve storage quality. In summer, water early or late in the day to avoid temperature shock. In late autumn and winter, water only on sunny days when temperatures are higher. Alternate fertilization with watering and ensure proper ventilation to prevent diseases caused by excess humidity.
Weeding is important, especially in the early stages when celery grows slowly. Use shallow cultivation to loosen the soil and remove weeds, being careful not to damage the shallow roots. Combine weeding with topdressing to maintain soil health.
Temperature management is critical. In autumn, cover the plants if temperatures drop below 12°C, and warm the greenhouse 10 days before planting. Maintain a temperature of 18–20°C during the day and no lower than 10°C at night. In December, use a small arch greenhouse to insulate plants at night and prevent freezing damage.
Pest and disease control is vital for successful celery cultivation. Common diseases include damping-off, blight, soft rot, leaf spot, and anthracnose. Insect pests such as aphids, thrips, and cutworms can also cause damage. During the seedling stage, treat the soil with disinfectants and use fungicides like 75% chlorothalonil (800x) or 70% carbendazim (800x). For anthracnose, use 70% mycelium solution (600x), 80% anthraquinone powder (800x), or similar treatments. For leaf diseases, apply 78% chlorothalonil (700x), 50% polymyxin (1000–1500x), or streptomycin (4000x) for bacterial infections. Soft rot can be controlled with 70% thiophanate-methyl (700x) or 50% acetaminophen (100–150x).
To manage pests like aphids and thrips, use 10% imidacloprid (2000x) or 65% indoxacarb (600–700x). For cutworms, apply 20% emamectin benzoate (1000–2000x) or 48% emulsifiable concentrate (800–1000x) to kill larvae. During adult emergence, use 5% tebufenozide (2000x) to suppress reproduction. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to maintaining healthy celery crops.
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