Potassium chlorate is used in longan for the promotion of flowers first in Taiwan, and in the production of the anti-season cultivation for longan begins in Thailand. In recent years, long-distance production areas in the province have also used potassium chlorate to promote the cultivation of off-season longan, and some have achieved certain economic benefits. However, most of the orchards have had poor results even after application. The author intends to discuss some views on the application of potassium chlorate in production for your reference.
There is a problem
1. Inappropriate application effects Various provinces and Hainan provinces have different reactions to the application of this technology. In some places, the effect is better, but more local reactions are less effective, and some have no flowers or flowering at all; even if the flowering tree, the flowers on different branches due to the large difference in flowering time cause the same fruit trees or flowers After encountering unfavorable weather (such as low temperature, rain or high temperature) or pest control, fertilizer and water management can not keep up with a large number of falling flowers; some trees, although a certain amount of production, but the fruit size is uneven, the value of the goods is poor.
2, the application of technology is still immature In fact, the application of strong oxidizing potassium chlorate for the anti-season longan cultivation technology itself is not yet mature, but also requires scientific and technical personnel to carry out in-depth discussion. Therefore, the current technology is not suitable for large-scale promotion.
1 Application method issues Currently applied potassium chlorate, applied with soil, applied with foliage. From the current situation, the effect of universal response to soil application is better than that of foliar application, and further research is needed. For land application, how to apply the most effective? Is it applied to the entire root zone or part? Deep or shallow? Inconclusive.
2 Application Time Questions When is the best time for application? Are there any differences in the best period for different regions, different years, even different varieties and different ages? Need to explore in depth.
3 Dosage issues According to the current situation, the application of potassium chlorate has a relatively large amount of randomness in production, and the application amount per plant is 0.1 kg, 0.5 kg or more. The amount of application should depend on the specific conditions such as the size of the tree, the topography, the nature, and the climate (especially rainfall) during the application season. Systematic studies are required.
4 Consequences of continuous application Q Potassium chlorate can be used continuously for a long time? What effect does long-term application of potassium chlorate have on the tree? What is the effect on soil quality and fertility? Not clear so far.
Treatment measures
1. Strengthen research on the mechanism of potassium chloride chlorination. Although there have been some reports on the mechanism of potassium chlorate to promote flowering, there are many unclear places. Based on the fact that the soil application effect is better, it is presumed that potassium chlorate promotes flowers mainly by affecting the root system. However, whether the cause of flowering is due to its strong oxidizing effect, which is caused by the root water control, or because the absorption of chlorate ions by the root system affects the metabolic activity of the tree. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth studies.
2. Strengthen the management and sales of Potassium Chlorate Potassium chlorate can be used as a raw material to process explosives. Improper handling can lead to accidents. It is recommended that relevant government departments strengthen the management of the sale and use of the drug. Distributors must obtain permission from relevant departments to sell potassium chlorate. When the fruit grower is in use, it must have the guidance of technical personnel to prevent accidents.
3. Technical measures for improving the application effect of potassium chlorate in off-season longan cultivation 1 The key to the use of potassium chlorate to promote flowering The key to the application of potassium chlorate to promote flower formation must be matched with related technical measures to achieve good results. These measures can be summed up as " Look at the two defenses." Described separately as follows:
(1) Three Looks:
A look at the tree - the tree should be strong: the plants with strong nutrient growth tend to have poor flowering power, and after applying potassium chlorate, they can generally obtain better flowering effect. On the contrary, if potassium chlorate is applied to plants with poor growth, it will seriously affect the vegetative growth and nutrient accumulation of the tree. Even if the flowers are successfully promoted, they will cause poor fruit development due to malnutrition, uneven size, and poor commodity value. It will also affect the subsequent growth and results of the tree.
Second, look at shoots - after the old shoots are used: Although some people use flower shoots during the tender shoot period, we believe that the quality of the flowers used after the new shoots are mature. Because the flower bud differentiation needs a lot of nutrition, as a result, when the mother branch has not been fully matured, the accumulation of storage nutrients is very small. At this time, the differentiated flower buds have inherent nutrient deficiency and the quality of flowers is not high naturally.
Third, look at the water --- to prevent flooding after application: Excessive soil moisture or flooding to reduce the concentration of potassium chlorate, affecting the effect of flower promotion. Therefore, do not apply plenty of water immediately after application, and the soil can be kept moist. In the rainy season, plastic film should be covered in the root zone under the canopy after application to prevent rainwater from diluting or flushing potassium chlorate.
(2) Two defenses:
A contradiction between fruit and fruit: During the flowering period and the young fruit growth period after the flowering, attention should be paid to preventing the shoots from germinating and growing slightly, so as to avoid competition and nutrition caused by the competition of new shoots and flowers and young fruit.
Second, to prevent the occurrence of thick and small fruit: In the case of young fruit growing season, such as summer high temperature or winter low temperature, the fruit will be due to sunburn or poor growth and the formation of thick skin and small fruit, so that the fruit loses its commercial character. The temperature of the fruit surface can be reduced by spraying water in summer, and autumn and winter spraying of leaf fertilizer and growth regulators can solve this problem.
2 Selecting the appropriate application time and strengthening the cultivation management after the application deviate from the normal phenological period will cause serious environmental stress on the growth and development of various organs of the tree (especially flowers and fruits), resulting in poor development or abnormalities. Therefore, the biggest difficulty in the commercialization of anti-season longan cultivation is that the internal appearance quality and commercial properties of the fruit are still maintained after the phenology period of flower and fruit growth is forced to change. In fact, it is almost impossible to really do this. Therefore, we believe that in order to maximize the production of potassium chlorate in production, it is best to increase the production of longan. In addition, it can also be used as a remedy in the spring to promote the flowering of those trees that are not producing fruit. Of course, if large-scale temperature control facilities can be built, potassium chlorate can be used at any time to assist off-season longan cultivation. The high upfront investment has made this method currently impossible to implement in our country. However, under the natural conditions, it is not a bad idea to carry out the cultivation of the long-season longan in small areas where conditions permit. As potassium chlorate is used to promote flowering in different seasons, the problems encountered in production will be different. Therefore, we must take appropriate measures to overcome these problems and achieve better results.
Chun Shiqiu cooked: When rain is applied for a long time, the root surface should be covered with a plastic film after application to prevent rainwater from scouring or diluting potassium chlorate. The young fruit development period is at a high temperature in summer. Pay attention to shading and water spray to prevent sunburn. It is also necessary to prevent new shoots from growing excessively and cause serious fruit drop.
Xia Shidongshu: When flowering is at high temperatures in midsummer, there is very little insect activity and it is easy to cause poor pollination and fertilization. Artificial pollination should be strengthened. At the same time, shoots grow vigorously in summer, and fruit should be controlled; As the temperature gradually decreases and the sunshine decreases, the trees should be kept airy and clear to reduce the ineffective foliage; the fruit should be shucked early to ensure that the limited nutrient concentration supplies the potential fruits; in the late stage of fruit growth, the temperature should be kept cold to prevent the occurrence of large numbers. Take fruit before harvest. In general, it is difficult to cultivate the anti-season longan under “Shaoshi's winter ripenessâ€, and the value of the commodity is not high unless it is generally not suitable in areas that are particularly south of the province.
Winter Shi Chunshu: The flowering season is at the end of fall and winter, the temperature is low, the sunshine is poor, there is almost no insect activity, pollination and fertilization is a big problem; the young fruit development period is easy to fall off during the winter cold season. Can try in the southern region (such as Hainan). Before and after the creation of a month: management is similar to making longan, the most commercial potential.
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