After the arrival of autumn, the weather gradually cools down. Although it's still challenging to get rid of the lingering summer heat, there is a period known as the "autumn tiger." However, the overall trend is that the daily temperature difference becomes more noticeable—hot during the day and cooler at night. Autumn is a crucial time for aquaculture management. A single mistake can lead to significant losses or even undo all previous efforts. Here are some improved techniques and management practices to ensure a successful season:
**Water Quality Management:** As farmed aquatic species grow, the density in ponds increases, leading to more uneaten feed, waste, and decaying plant matter. These materials consume oxygen and produce harmful gases like hydrogen sulfide. Ammonia levels rise, and pH drops, which can cause fish to float near the surface. To prevent this, water should be changed frequently but in small amounts, taking water from the upper and middle layers to promote diverse plankton growth and reduce blue-green algae blooms. Adding beneficial microbes such as Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, and EM bacteria can help manage nitrite, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide levels. For crab ponds, increasing water exchange gradually while monitoring water levels is essential to avoid floating and death. Every 10 days, apply lime (5 kg per mu) to maintain a pH between 7.8 and 8.5, with a transparency of 30–40 cm, which supports strong shell development and healthy growth.
**Feeding Strategies:** Improve feed quality for conventional fish, offering 5–6% of their body weight daily, with 60% being animal-based feed. Shrimp should receive 7–8% of their body weight, while crabs need 10% of their total weight, with 65% of their diet consisting of animal feed. From early October, as water temperatures drop, feeding rates should decrease to 3–5% of the total weight of fish, shrimp, and crabs. During early and mid-autumn, river crabs actively feed on plants and snails, so it's important to ensure sufficient food sources. If pond vegetation is low, supplement with additional plants and snails. For soft-shell turtles, maintaining good water quality allows increased feeding. Using water purifiers to reduce ammonia and nitrites, followed by adding beneficial bacteria like photosynthetic bacteria after two days, helps maintain a stable aquatic environment. Feeds should be high in protein and fat, with up to 20% fresh or chilled fish added to boost feeding activity and growth. To prevent enteritis, add herbs like Andrographis paniculata or garlic to the feed for a few days.
**Disease Prevention and Treatment:** Fish diseases often peak after the start of autumn. Proactive measures like “prevention before disease†and “early treatment when sick†are essential. Disinfect the entire pond every 20 days using chlorine dioxide, and add detoxifiers, calcium, and oxytetracycline to feed once a month. In poor water conditions, use the “kill first, then disinfect†method—netting shrimp, using trichlorfon for fish, and applying chemical treatments to the whole pond. After 3–5 days, apply quicklime (5–10 kg per acre). In late autumn, as cold air arrives, tropical species like white shrimp and Macrobrachium rosenbergii require protection and warmth.
**Pond Monitoring:** Regular morning and evening inspections are vital. Check fish, shrimp, and crab activity, feeding patterns, water color, transparency, and pH. Remove dead vegetation and leftover feed promptly, and keep the feeding area clean. For species like river crabs and soft-shell turtles, check for escape risks and ensure inlet/outlet barriers are secure. Increase nighttime security checks to prevent theft.
Pediatric Plate
Pediatric series consists of elastic nail,correction plate,pediatric proximal femoral locking plate,LC-DCP locking plate,reconstruction locking plste,T locking plate.
The special manifestations of pediatric fracture
(1) In children, soft tissue is loose, fascia is elastic, swelling after fracture is early, wide range, and often plaque.
(2) Pay attention to subperiosteal fracture, longitudinal percussion pain and local tenderness to consider the possibility of fracture.
(3) Children can be fever, generally below 38 degrees, caused by hematoma absorption.
(4) Identify the ossification center and epiphyseal plate, and add normal side control if necessary.
Characteristics of pediatric fracture repair
(1) The fracture heals quickly, and the younger the age, the faster the healing.
(2) The healing time of fracture is related to fracture site, fracture type, treatment method and individual situation.
(3) Joint stiffness occurred less.
(4) Have a certain shaping ability, the younger the age, the stronger the shaping ability, but the rotation deformity, the angular deformity inconsistent with the joint activity is more difficult to shape itself.
(5) Metaphyseal and shaft fractures due to hyperemia stimulate epiphyseal plate overgrowth, can cause temporary acceleration of limb growth, femur bone.It can overgrow by 0.8-2cm.
Principles of fracture treatment
The first is reduction, fixation, functional exercise. The principle is no longer to damage the epiphysis and epiphysis plate causing growth and development disorders. Manual reduction, plaster fixation, traction. Closed reduction and internal fixation. Open reduction, internal fixation (elastic needles, Kirschner needles, absorbable nails, absorption rods, various steel plates, external fixation brackets, hollow screws, etc.).
bone fracture,fracture surgery,internal fixation,internal fixation of fracture
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