Commonly used fertilizer properties and application techniques
The author conducted long-term investigations into the countryside and found that farmers had some misunderstandings in fertilizer application. In order to help farmers make good use of fertilizers and fertilize their fertilizers, the properties and application techniques of several commonly used fertilizers are briefly described below.
1 Main types and properties of nitrogen fertilizers
1.1 Ammonium bicarbonate contains 17% nitrogen. After ammonium bicarbonate is applied to the soil, NH+4 and HCO3- are produced in the soil solution. All of them can be absorbed by the crops and supply both crop nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which can be used as basal fertilizers. Topdressing but not suitable for fertilizer. Because of the volatilization loss of ammonium bicarbonate, it is necessary to apply deep cover soil with a depth of 7 to 10 cm. Application method: It can be applied to the plant by ditching or acupuncture and then applying strict soil cover.
1.2 Urea contains 46% nitrogen and is the highest quality nitrogen fertilizer with the highest concentration of nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizers. After the urine is applied to the soil and dissolved, it first exists in the soil solution in the molecular state, and then it is converted into ammonium nitrogen, and the molecular urea is rarely adsorbed by the soil colloid. After the application of heavy rain or flood irrigation, will cause loss of urea, light rain or light irrigation after the application is more appropriate. Urea is a neutral fertilizer and is suitable for all kinds of soils and crops. It can be used as a seed fertilizer, basal fertilizer, topdressing fertilizer and foliar spray (for top dressing). When it is used as a fertilizer, it cannot be in direct contact with the seeds, so as not to cause burning, and the amount should be strictly controlled. Urea is most suitable for top dressing, with a concentration of 0.5% to 1.0%. The specific concentration varies depending on the type of crops. Gramineous crops, radish, cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, and cucumber are high, sweet potatoes, potatoes, watermelon, eggplant, peanuts, and tomatoes are low. Spray plant leaves evenly in the morning or evening. Urea can be applied together with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and insecticide, and fungicides. After dissolving, urea can be sprayed together, which can achieve the effects of fertilization, pest control and disease prevention.
1.3 Ammonium nitrate contains 33% to 35% nitrogen and is a white crystal. It is better to use dry field than paddy field.
2 Main types and properties of phosphate fertilizers
2.1 Superphosphate, (referred to as calcium) The main component is water-soluble calcium phosphate, containing 12% to 20% of phosphorus pentoxide. Phosphorus is easily fixed by soil and its mobility is very small. Most of them are concentrated within 0.5cm around the fertilizing point. Therefore, concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer is an economical and effective fertilization technique. The general application of acupoints or furrows is to reduce the contact surface between fertilizer and soil and to minimize the chemical fixation of phosphorus. It can also be used in combination with organic fertilizers to reduce phosphorus fixation and increase its fertilizer efficiency. Superphosphate can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, seed fertilizer and top dressing. As a basal fertilizer deeper effect is better. Fertilizers are applied from outside the root, monocotyledonous plants are used at concentrations of 1% to 2%, and dicotyledons are used at concentrations of 0.5% to 1%.
2.2 Heavy superphosphate (also known as triple calcium superphosphate) The main component is water-soluble monocalcium phosphate, which is a kind of high-concentration phosphate fertilizer, containing 36% to 54% of phosphorus pentoxide, 2~3 of nutrient is supercalcium. Times. Usage is the same as that of ordinary calcium.
Author: Tianjin Wuqing District Agricultural Technology Promotion Center
1 Main types and properties of nitrogen fertilizers
1.1 Ammonium bicarbonate contains 17% nitrogen. After ammonium bicarbonate is applied to the soil, NH+4 and HCO3- are produced in the soil solution. All of them can be absorbed by the crops and supply both crop nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which can be used as basal fertilizers. Topdressing but not suitable for fertilizer. Because of the volatilization loss of ammonium bicarbonate, it is necessary to apply deep cover soil with a depth of 7 to 10 cm. Application method: It can be applied to the plant by ditching or acupuncture and then applying strict soil cover.
1.2 Urea contains 46% nitrogen and is the highest quality nitrogen fertilizer with the highest concentration of nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizers. After the urine is applied to the soil and dissolved, it first exists in the soil solution in the molecular state, and then it is converted into ammonium nitrogen, and the molecular urea is rarely adsorbed by the soil colloid. After the application of heavy rain or flood irrigation, will cause loss of urea, light rain or light irrigation after the application is more appropriate. Urea is a neutral fertilizer and is suitable for all kinds of soils and crops. It can be used as a seed fertilizer, basal fertilizer, topdressing fertilizer and foliar spray (for top dressing). When it is used as a fertilizer, it cannot be in direct contact with the seeds, so as not to cause burning, and the amount should be strictly controlled. Urea is most suitable for top dressing, with a concentration of 0.5% to 1.0%. The specific concentration varies depending on the type of crops. Gramineous crops, radish, cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, and cucumber are high, sweet potatoes, potatoes, watermelon, eggplant, peanuts, and tomatoes are low. Spray plant leaves evenly in the morning or evening. Urea can be applied together with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and insecticide, and fungicides. After dissolving, urea can be sprayed together, which can achieve the effects of fertilization, pest control and disease prevention.
1.3 Ammonium nitrate contains 33% to 35% nitrogen and is a white crystal. It is better to use dry field than paddy field.
2 Main types and properties of phosphate fertilizers
2.1 Superphosphate, (referred to as calcium) The main component is water-soluble calcium phosphate, containing 12% to 20% of phosphorus pentoxide. Phosphorus is easily fixed by soil and its mobility is very small. Most of them are concentrated within 0.5cm around the fertilizing point. Therefore, concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer is an economical and effective fertilization technique. The general application of acupoints or furrows is to reduce the contact surface between fertilizer and soil and to minimize the chemical fixation of phosphorus. It can also be used in combination with organic fertilizers to reduce phosphorus fixation and increase its fertilizer efficiency. Superphosphate can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, seed fertilizer and top dressing. As a basal fertilizer deeper effect is better. Fertilizers are applied from outside the root, monocotyledonous plants are used at concentrations of 1% to 2%, and dicotyledons are used at concentrations of 0.5% to 1%.
2.2 Heavy superphosphate (also known as triple calcium superphosphate) The main component is water-soluble monocalcium phosphate, which is a kind of high-concentration phosphate fertilizer, containing 36% to 54% of phosphorus pentoxide, 2~3 of nutrient is supercalcium. Times. Usage is the same as that of ordinary calcium.
Author: Tianjin Wuqing District Agricultural Technology Promotion Center
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