The rapid development of the aquaculture industry and the application of high-density intensive and high-yield technologies have led to a rapid increase in unit water inputs (feed, fish, etc.) and aquaculture production, as well as an increase in fish excreta. The water body makes it difficult to control and even worsen the water quality of the aquaculture water, and various breeding diseases are continuously increasing. The proportion of investment in aquaculture drugs in the production cost is also increasing. Of course, in the production practice, we advocate the prevention of fish disease systems, and adhere to the principle of “prevention from prevention, prevention from treatment, and prevention from combinationâ€. However, various diseases are inevitable in the breeding process. Therefore, In order to improve the therapeutic effect, it is necessary to understand and control various influencing factors.
I. Accurate diagnosis of fish diseases
Accurate diagnosis of fish diseases is one of the most critical factors in enhancing the effectiveness of drug treatment, especially for some confusing fish diseases (such as: viral enteritis and bacterial enteritis, parasite-induced rotting and bacterial infection caused by rotten鳃 鳃 鳃 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 。 。 。 。 。 。.
Second, accurate calculation of the amount of external use
Accurately measuring the volume of water and calculating the exact amount of external medication is another key to the treatment effect. Calculation formula: external dose (g) = aquaculture area (m2) mean water depth (m) dose (g)/m3. In addition, the use of external drugs Quanchiposa, should also consider the characteristics of water quality and the impact of water temperature and other factors, water quality, fertilizer, organic matter, water temperature is lower, the amount should be more.
Third, accurate calculation of feed mix
The amount of drug taken internally is expressed in terms of how much drug is taken per kilogram of fish. When most of the fish in the fish pond are eating well, the amount of drug can be calculated by the total weight of fish eaten in the fish pond. When the fish disease seriously causes the appetite of the fish to decrease, the dosage should be calculated according to the following formula based on the following formula, and then the dosage should be appropriately increased to mix the medicine into the feed in a higher proportion to ensure that the diseased fish can eat. Eat enough doses. Formula for calculating the amount of feed mix: The feed rate is based on the water temperature, species, and fish size.
Dosage according to dose on drug instruction
Fourth, medication time and method
It is best to use medication at 9-10 am or 4-5 pm in the sunny morning. It is best to postpone the medicine after feeding because the spillage will affect the appetite of the fish. In the rainy days, it is not appropriate to use drugs (other than oxygenation drugs), because it is too bad in cloudy and rainy days, and it easily leads to hypoxia after medication. Sprinkle the medicine must be even, to some insoluble, residue drug (such as bleach) must be filtered out of the residue, so as not to ingest the residue by fish poisoning. When spattering drugs should be poured from the wind to the downwind, people stand in the upper wind, so that the use of wind can make the liquid quickly distributed evenly in the pool of water, while ensuring the safety of pourers.
Fifth, enough treatment
According to the disease type and condition, using a full course of treatment is one of the key measures to ensure the cure of fish diseases. The fish diseases caused by parasites are generally treated with insecticides for 1-2 days as a course of treatment. Viral and bacterial diseases usually take about 5 days for a course of treatment. The number of treatment courses used should be determined according to the condition of the patient. Otherwise, there is a possibility of recurrent infection if treatment is not complete.
Sixth, regular replacement of drugs
When the same drug is used for the treatment of fish disease for a long time, the onset effect will be very good, but after a long time, the efficacy will often be weakened, because the pathogen has resistance to the drug, that is, drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to change the types of drugs from time to time and use them alternately.
Pay attention to the sensitivity of different fishes to drugs
It should be noted that different fish have different susceptibility to the same drug. To avoid the formation of phytotoxicity, the susceptibility of the fish they are adopting to the drug used should be clarified before the drug is used. For example, black peony root is more sensitive to ferrous sulfate. , Insectless fish are more sensitive to trichlorfon. If these drugs are used, not only can fish diseases not be cured, but the poisoning of the breeding object will be caused.
Eight, the related role of drugs
The irrelevant effects mean that when two or more fishery drugs act on the same bacteria, the antibacterial effect is not changed; the synergistic effect is that when two or more fishery drugs are used together, the concentration is lower than when they are used separately. And the curative effect increases; if the effect of fishery drugs is only equal to the sum of each drug, it is an additive effect; the effect of fishery drug combination is less than the sum of the effects when it is used alone, it is an antagonistic effect; some fishery drugs show a synergistic effect when used together For example, when copper sulfate is used to treat the disease in China, if copper sulfate alone cannot kill it, ferrous sulfate is often added to exert the synergistic effect of the two drugs and the insecticidal effect is greatly improved. The fishery drugs with antagonism are called incompatibility, attention to incompatibility, improper compatibility, will produce physical or chemical reactions, reduce efficacy or failure, and even produce toxic and side effects. Incompatibility of common drugs: If lime is used all over again, and then trichlorfon is used, toxic dioxin will be produced, resulting in poisoning of fish. Mixing with dimethoate, bleaching powder and salt will not only make the preparation unsafe, but also have poor results. Sulfa drugs cannot be used in combination with acidic or alkaloid drugs; furan drugs cannot be mixed with basic drugs.
Nine, pay attention to drug effectiveness
Any drug has its shelf life, the active ingredients in expired fish medicines are easily decomposed or chemical reactions occur, and their efficacy will be greatly reduced, even producing toxic substances. Therefore, farmers must not try to buy expired drugs cheaply, or are reluctant to lose expired drugs and continue to use, the result will not be worth the candle. When medicines are stored, most of them should be protected from light, and should not come in contact with metal products to prevent deterioration or chemical reactions and affect the efficacy of medicines.
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