Pests and diseases often significantly weaken tree vitality, leading to early leaf drop. When fruits are affected by pests or diseases on their surface, it directly impacts fruit quality. In recent years, many fruit growers have adopted bagging techniques to protect the fruit. However, improper bagging can also lead to various diseases. Therefore, mastering the correct bagging method and ensuring the quality of the bagged apples is crucial for successful fruit production.
First, during the bud stage before the first bloom, it's essential to apply medication. As spring progresses, new shoots grow rapidly, making them vulnerable to pathogen invasion. With rising temperatures, powdery mildew, root rot, and pests like aphids and mites become active. Affected shoots should be pruned immediately, and a 10% imidacloprid wettable powder spray can be used to control pests such as cotton aphids and spider mites. A general tree protection solution combined with Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed across the orchard to eliminate overwintering pests.
Second, avoid using chemicals during flowering. Apple trees are highly sensitive to pesticides during this time, and spraying can cause damage. To prevent flower and fruit drop, artificial pollination with bees is recommended to improve pollination efficiency and increase yield.
Third, after flowering, it's important to address potential pests that may harm the tree. Diseases such as apple powdery mildew, blossom blight, and mold heart disease, along with pests like scale insects and mites, require prompt action. A fungicide like 80% tebuconazole WP can be used to control leaf spot, scab, and anthracnose. For scale insects and other pests, 40% omethoate is effective.
Fourth, before bagging, it's a critical time for spraying. After the young fruit loses its fuzz, many wounds are created, which can allow pathogens like anthracnose and ring rot to enter. One or two days before bagging, the entire orchard should be sprayed with a combination of fungicides and insecticides to prevent fruit rot, bollworms, and flea beetles. Suitable products include 70% thiophanate-methyl diluted at 800 times, and 12% hyper-oxidizing agent emulsifiable concentrate. Avoid using organophosphates and Bordeaux mixture to prevent fruit russeting.
Fifth, after bagging, protecting the leaves becomes crucial. Early defoliation, powdery mildew, red-and-white spider mites, aphids, and leaf miners can all damage the leaves, affecting fruit growth and quality. After bagging, a mixture of "melon and fruit sedum," foliar fertilizer, fungicides, and insecticides should be applied to prevent pests and diseases, provide nutrients, and promote fruit enlargement.
Sixth, after removing the bags, it's an overlooked but critical period. Once the fruit is exposed, it remains on the tree for another 20–30 days, making it susceptible to infections from minor injuries caused by branches or leaves rubbing against the fruit. At this point, spraying a "new high-fat film" combined with insecticides, fungicides, and foliar fertilizer helps prevent diseases like bitter pit and cracking while maintaining bright fruit color.
Seventh, after harvesting, it's time for post-harvest treatments. As the fruit is picked and leaves fall, the tree enters dormancy, and pests seek shelter for winter. This is a vulnerable time for pests. Clean-up work in the orchard should not be neglected. For branch diseases such as apple rot, canker, and black rot, apply "General Tree Guard" after pruning the affected areas. Orchard debris should be removed and treated, and the entire tree should be sprayed with "General Tree Guardian" mixed with lime sulfur to protect against cold and ensure healthy winter survival.
In summary, throughout the year, each spraying stage plays a vital role in fruit tree management. If one step is neglected, it can lead to more laborious and costly problems later. Therefore, fruit growers must pay close attention to all aspects of bagging and fruit care, aiming to improve fruit quality and secure a better market price.
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