Runner beans

Cauliflower beans, also known as flower beans, red runner beans, tiger beans, or pouched beans, are a type of multi-flowered legume. Scientifically named *Phaseolus coccineus* L., they belong to the legume family (Leguminosae). This perennial plant is typically grown as an annual and is valued for its tender pods, seeds, and tuberous roots. Native to South America and Mexico, it has been cultivated in Central and South America for centuries and is now widely grown in high-altitude and temperate regions, especially in Argentina. In China, it is mainly grown in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Shaanxi provinces. Its beans are nutritious and often used for export. The plant has a deep taproot system and forms nodules that help fix nitrogen in the soil. The stems are hairy, purple-red, and can grow up to 4 meters tall, with multiple branches. Leaves are trifoliate, ovate, and alternate. Flowers are red and arranged in racemes, requiring cross-pollination. Pods are long, curved, and contain 2 to 10 seeds. When mature, the seeds turn dark red with spots and have a smooth, kidney-like shape. They weigh between 80 to 140 grams per 100 seeds. Cauliflower beans thrive in cool climates, requiring at least 120–130 frost-free days. Growth stops below 5°C, and it is sensitive to high temperatures above 25°C. It prefers short-day conditions and is drought-sensitive but thrives in well-drained loam soils with a pH of 6.0–7.0. Soil with a pH below 6.0 should be limed to improve nutrient availability. For cultivation, cauliflower beans can be grown alone or intercropped with crops like potatoes or corn. Seeds are sown in rows, with 2 seeds per hole and spacing of 40 cm. Depending on the region, planting seasons vary—winter-spring in southern China, and spring-summer in cooler areas. Harvesting occurs around 115–120 days after sowing, with fresh pods ready in 80–90 days. Dried beans are stored after thorough drying. Disease management includes controlling fungal infections such as bean leek disease and viral infections. Proper crop rotation, organic fertilization, and timely application of fungicides like pentachloronitrobenzene are essential. Insect pests like aphids and whiteflies require chemical control. Nutritionally, cauliflower beans are rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals. They can be eaten fresh, dried, or canned, and are also used in cooking, baking, and as ornamental plants due to their vibrant red flowers. Their versatility makes them a valuable crop both economically and environmentally.

Cut crab

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