Rose cultivation management technology

Grafting and breeding use wild rose or special rootstock varieties as rootstocks, using grafting or bud grafting method for grafting. Rootstocks are planted at the beginning of April in the first year and transplanted in April of the second year. Seed beds are to be selected for fertile sandy soil with a spacing of 2080 cm. The buds will be picked up in June and the nursery will be planted in the spring of the third year.

Prepare the soil to be fertile, loose, rich in organic matter, well-drained sandy loam soil, use adequately decomposed livestock manure as basic fertilizer, apply 45,000 to 60000 kilograms per hectare, and then conduct soil disinfection. The method is: methyl bromide, 10 kg per 100 square meters, after the treatment with plastic film covering the soil for more than weeks; cyanide, 7.5 liters per 100 square meters, after treatment with plastic film covered for more than two weeks; drops of mixture 2.8 liters per 100 square meters, covered with film for more than two weeks after processing.

The scientific colonization uses the planting method. 1 meter wide, 10 to 15 centimeters high, two rows per row, large row spacing 90 to 100 centimeters, small row spacing 30 centimeters, plant spacing 20 centimeters, density of 6 to 8 plants per square meter, width between walkways 20 centimeters 30 cm.

Adjust the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse cultivation, the daytime temperature is 20 °C ~ 25 °C is appropriate, the maximum does not exceed 28 °C, night temperature is maintained at 12 °C ~ 15 °C, relative humidity 65% ​​~ 75%, pay attention to ventilation.

Reasonable fertilizer fertilization rose can be top-dressing, but also spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, high Meishi, ferrous sulfate leaf fertilizer and so on. Give less, hard work. The liquid fertilizer is usually chased once every 10 days, and compound fertilizer is applied in winter.

Water management should be dry and wet. After the spring planting, the seedlings should be poured with enough water, and the soil should be poured after being planted. Summer soil temperature is high and watering should be done after 5pm. The drought-tolerant rose is afraid of water. When the rainfall is heavy, it is necessary to pay attention to drainage, and weeding and weeding are often required.

Trim topping

The trimming rose should be trimmed before planting, and the buds should be removed promptly after planting. When three to five strong branches grow, flowers are collected. Afterwards, it should be trimmed 3 to 5 times a year, and the branches should be arranged at any time. 2 to 4 buds should be cut on each branch. Cut 1 cm on the shoot and cut it obliquely to the other side of the shoot. Cut to smooth. Trimming is divided into two types: one is low trimming, that is, only two buds are left upward from the base of the shoots, and the upper ones are cut off. The pruning method grows long and thick branches, large buds and good quality. The second is the high trim, the buds in the lower part of the shoots are more, the new shoots are more, the flowering is also more, but the branches are short, the buds are small, and the quality is poor. The above two pruning methods, used interchangeably in production, can control the height of the plants, so that the rose maintains a longer growth cycle and higher production capacity. Grafting seedlings are updated once in about 8 years.

When the shoots are grown to 15 to 20 cm, the top is removed by about 3 cm. To a certain length, it must be plucking about 2 times until the number of main branches and lateral branches of the whole plant is sufficient to produce a large number of flowers. The purpose of picking the heart is to adjust the shape of the plant in the early stage and to control the flowering period after flowering. When the flower bud diameter is 10 to 13 mm, removing the top of the branch to reach the second leaf can promote the flowering period of about 7 days.

Prevention and treatment of pests and diseases reduces the incidence of disease, eliminates burned virus branches, and eliminates the reduction of virus in vivo by high temperature for 4 weeks. Rose common diseases are black spot, powdery mildew, rust, etc., can be used 80% mancozeb WP or 50% benzene WP 800 times to 1200 times control. Control pests such as aphids, thrips, leaf-worms, scarabs, etc., can be used to kill fenthion 1000 times 50%.

The flower collecting grade roses should be cut at low temperature and high humidity. Usually about 10 months after planting, flowers are collected and harvested when the buds are opened slightly (about 2 days before flowering). Cut branches have a pitch of 5 knots or a longer length. Immediately after harvest, they should be inserted into the water and transported back to the workplace for grading. Each 10 branches are tied into one bundle. Grading standards: First grade length 55 ~ 60 cm, flowers neat; secondary products 45 ~ 54 cm; third grade 35 ~ 44 cm; external products 35 cm or less. After packing with cellophane, cut the sticks and insert them into the water.

Preserved fresh cut rose cut short-lived, intolerant long-distance transport. Treated with octadecyl sulphate and kept in a cold storage at 3°C ​​to 4°C for 3 days. After the cut rose, if it is not on the market, it needs to be stored for a long time. It can be stored in a sealed cold store with oxygen content of 1%, carbon dioxide content of 5%, and temperature of 0°C to 1°C. It can be stored for 20-30 days.

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