Golden pear was introduced to China in 1996. The variety has a round fruit with an average fruit weight of 400g, a maximum of 500g, a golden yellowish peel, many fruit juices, a very small fruit nucleus, an edible rate of up to 95%, a thin peel, a large fruit spot, a rare fruit, white flesh, and very few stone cells; The taste is sweet and scented and the quality is excellent; the fruit matures in mid-September and is stored at room temperature for 30 days. Its high-quality, high-yield cultivation techniques are now described below for reference by producers.
First, colonization
The construction site requires the use of strong seedlings. The seedling height should preferably reach 80 cm or more, and the root system must have 4 or more horizontal roots with a length of about 20 cm. No pests and diseases, and the grafted parts are well-healed. Plant spacing is 2mx4m, 83 acres, dry height 70cm, north and south. The soil quality is suitable for loam and sandy loam.
Since the golden pear has no pollen, it should be equipped with a pollination tree when it is planted. The variety should be selected from new heights, fengshui, 20th century, AI, emeralds, large fruit crystals, etc., and pollination varieties should be no less than 2.
Second, soil water management
When planting, apply 4,000 to 5,000 kg of high-quality rot per acre and incorporate 70-80 kg of N, P, and K compound fertilizers; apply 50 kg of diammonium phosphate and 40 Lg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per acre during the growing season. The time will be at the end of May and early June. In the middle and early August, combining with the development of the tree body, it is appropriate to top-dress one time. Each plant applies 0.5-0.8kg fruit tree-specific compound fertilizer; the foliar spray fertilizer should use 0.3% urea and 0.3%-0.5. % Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 600 times amino acid calcium fertilizer, etc., once every 10-15 days. Dry tree cover can be used in arid areas, covering the grass every year with a thickness of 20cm, covered all year round, uninterrupted, not deep-turning, in order to protect the shallow roots and improve early-yielding capacity. Irrigation should focus on the steps of sprouting, inflating young fruit, pre-harvest, and wintering. When golden pears encounter drought or high temperature during ripening, they will delay maturity and quality, so special attention should be paid to the irrigation of pre-harvested water.
Third, flower and fruit management
The variety is easy to flower, and most of the leaf buds on one year's shoot can be converted into flower buds. In addition to the pollination tree in production, artificial pollination and bee feeding are also required. Artificial pollination can be given by point grant, liquid spray; bees can be selected bees and Japanese horn bee wall bee, a box of bees can ensure about 1 acres of pear orchard pollination effect, fruit set rate can be increased by about 20%; horn angular wall bee per acre Only 80-100 heads are needed and the fruit setting rate can be increased by 35%. After fruiting, the bag should be bagged at the end of May. Before bagging, 70% thiophanate-methyl and 100% of Deuterium should be sprayed. Bagging can make the fruit surface clean, reduce pesticide residues, prevent insects from harming, and prevent fruit surface abrasions, but it can also easily cause the occurrence of Tenebrio. In order to control Tenebrio, the cotton covered with sulphur is wrapped around the stalks before being bagged and then bagged to reduce the incidence.
Because of the large number of gold pears, excess fruit will lead to a smaller fruit, and will cause the tree to weaken, so it should be a reasonable load. The fruit thinning is completed within 20 days before bagging, generally about 20-30 cm left 1 fruit, if according to leaf fruit ratio should be 50-60 leaf leaves 1 fruit. In the specific operation, the principle should be based on the principle that Wangshu stays longer, the weaker ones stay less, the drooping ones stay more, and the lower ones stay less or do not stay.
Fourth, pruning
The shape of the tree should adopt multi-main branches natural shape or spinning shape. After the first year of colonization, only one or two shoots are often sent out, and the topping should be carried out to promote branching. The picking time is generally from late May to early June, and the branches are opened before autumn lignification. Should eliminate the competition branches, leggy branches, back branches, cross branches, etc., the trunk is properly short, the remaining branches as light or not cut, increase the amount of foliage. Young trees show strong branching, so they should generally be cut short and sparse. During the growing season, due to the large, thick leaves of the golden pear, the branches are relatively brittle, and the wind is easily broken, they should be hoisted and tied in time to avoid being broken by the fruit or broken by the wind. For the cultivation of the resulting shoots, we should adopt the method of putting back and shrinking first to cultivate a large number of short fruit branch groups.
V. Pest Control
Fei Jinli's main diseases and pests include ringworm disease, pear hibiscus, aphids, crickets, pear borerworms and so on. Prevention and control measures should focus on the following:
1. Cut off the dead and diseased shoots when cutting in winter, clean the dead branches and fallen leaves in the park, and burn them.
2. In the early spring, the old bark and rough skin should be scraped off and dried with 50 times mycotoxin.
3, before flower bud germination spray the United States 3-5 degrees of lime sulfur + 100 times sodium pentachlorophenol.
4.Fungicides are sprayed once every 15-20 days beginning in early June. The commonly used agents include 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture, 50% carbendazim, 800 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl, 1000 times, and 12.5%. Speed ​​Poly 3000 times.
5. For locusts, 5000 times of 10% imidacloprid and 30% hypertonic DM 2000 times can be used interchangeably. For hibiscus promiflora, 1% of 1% anoxazole can be sprayed 1 time before flowering and in mid-July. It can treat aphids and gold-lined moths; it can spray 40.7% Locuspen 3000 times and 20% belluzrine 6000 times in the second half of April and the middle of June respectively; Cockroaches, spider mites can be used 20% broom net 3,000 times +20% dying net 2000 times prevention.
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