Onion standardization production and cultivation new technology for export

Onion is a kind of world vegetable, because of its rich nutritional value and unique drug value, it is widely loved by people of all countries. Therefore, it has a wide range of world trade and a large number. China is the main exporter of onion, and onion is also one of the main varieties of vegetables for export in China. With China's accession to the WTO, the green barriers of agricultural products have become increasingly prominent. This has made China's export of vegetables subject to severe challenges. In response to this situation, we have developed new technologies for onion cultivation based on new domestic and foreign industry standards. 1. Choose the export base The export onion production base should be chosen away from roads, stations, wharfs, factories, hospitals, downtown, etc. The surrounding ecological environment is good, the water quality is good, there is no industrial and other pollution, and the soil is fertile and the terrain is flat and not Heavy land is suitable. 2, choose the appropriate varieties of exports of onions used by foreign suppliers are mostly provided by the foreign market, the current popular varieties are: Hongyeye, Golden Grand Yucong, OP Huang, New Orleans, Quanzhou Zhonggaohuang; early maturing varieties have Xiuyu early , brocade, amber and so on. 3. Suitable sowing and cultivation of strong seedlings 3.1 Proper sowing: long-day varieties are mainly planted in spring in the northeast and northwest regions of China at high latitudes, and are usually nursed in protected areas before and after March; the Chinese and Yunnan sunshine varieties are mainly planted in autumn in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins. It should be around September 10. 3.2 Cultivate strong seedlings: Seedlings are 1.7 meters wide and 25 to 30 meters long. The produced seedlings can be planted with 667 square meters of field. Before sowing, 200kg of farmyard manure was applied to each plant. First turn the floor, the lotus root leveling, practical, filling the bottom water, water infiltration after sowing, the amount of each seedling with 120 ~ 150g, after sowing cover soil 1cm thick. After covering the soil, cover the cover to increase the temperature or protect the shade. Miao watering 1 time, after the combination of water soil moisture, seedlings can be suitable according to seedlings 1 to 2 times, and manual weeding, proper control of water before planting two weeks. 4, onion timely planting onion weight avoidance, planting plots per 667 square meters of decomposition of organic fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000kg, 50kg diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate 30kg, leveling the ground and make it smooth and flat. The width of the diaphragm depends on the width of the diaphragm. Before the film is covered, water is sprayed on the gardenia. After water infiltrate, spray 33% of Shida herbicide for every 667 square meters. After the membrane was covered, the plants were drilled with 16cm16cm or 17cm17cm spacing before rowing. Select the seedling age of 50 to 55 days, plant diameter 0.5 ~ 0.8cm, plant height 20cm, there are 3 to 4 true leaves of the strong seedling colonization. Cut the roots of the seedlings to 2 cm in length. The suitable sowing period for spring sowing of onions is mid-May, and the suitable sowing period for autumn sowing onions is November 1st to 10th. Colonization should be grading first, the first colonization of standard seedlings, after planting seedlings, planting depth of about 1 cm to bury bulbs is appropriate, usually 2.3 to 26,000 plants per 667 square meters. 5, field management 5.1 Moisture: spring sowing onion immediately after transplanting planting should be watered, to promote the root system to restore growth, 3 to 5 days combined with soil fertilization; autumn sowing can be allowed to naturally overwinter after onion colonization, in the soil frozen before pouring a seal In winter, the water will be poured back to Qingshui in the next year. The number of watering during the expansion of the bulb into the expansion period is generally 6-8 days, so that the ground remains wet, dry, 7 to 10 days before harvest to stop watering. 5.2 Dressing: During the returning green period, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer can be applied with watering to promote early-onset seedling growth; the bulb expansion period is a critical period for topdressing, and it can be top-dressed 2 to 3 times, applying 15 kg of urea per 667 square meters, potassium sulfate 20 kg each time, or Chasing three yuan compound fertilizer 30kg. Note that the last fertilization time should be more than 30 days from harvest. 6. Harvest 3/4 of the plants in the field before lodging. The harvest should be carried out on a sunny day. After removing the whole plant, it should be cooled in the field for 4 to 5 days. The onion shall be covered with leaves and dried until the onion skin is dry. The stems and leaves are fully dried and processed according to the export requirements. Try not to hurt the onion when harvesting, and prevent rain after harvest to prevent mildew. 7, export standards and processing methods qualified onions should have the shape of the species and color. Compact bulbs, no ball splitting, no spoilage or convulsions, no pest damage, moderate sheath and root resection, thin skin without falling off, humidity dry, no foreign matter such as sand and dirt, size of onion (diameter, weight, etc.) ) Can be graded according to foreign requirements. 8. Pest Control 8.1 Disease Prevention: Onion is susceptible to downy mildew, purple spot, and rust. Downy mildew and purple spot can be controlled by spraying 75% chlorothalonil 600 times or 64% antivirus 500 times after turning green; 15% triazole copper 1500 to 2000 times or 70% phenylcan wettable powder for rust 600 times liquid spray control, spray once every 10 to 15 days, and even spray 2 or 3 times. 8.2 Insect Pest Control: The control of mantle can use 75% of phoxim EC 500 times solution or 90% crystal leek 1000 times solution to prevent rooting; onion thrips can be treated with 1500~2500 times liquid spray. The above insecticides should only be applied once during the growth period and should be separated from the harvest by more than 15 days.

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