New Poplar Tree Varieties and Poplar Seeds
New Poplar Tree Varieties and Poplar Seeds
Nanjing Joint Agricultural and Forestry Technology Research Center Guo Shuhao
At present, the market for poplar varieties is turbulent and commercial speculation is serious. This has negatively impacted the resource development of poplar plantations and the industrialization of poplars. As a person engaged in the production, management and management of forest tree seedlings, it is essential to fundamentally grasp the basic concept of seeds and the general knowledge of breeding. This is the original driving force for the development of science and technology and the basis for understanding things.
"Seed" is the basic unit of biological species classification. Different species generally differ greatly in morphology and have obvious boundaries. Each "species" has its own specific essential characteristics and distinguishes them from other "species." Such species as Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus bungeana, Populus euphratica, and Populus tomentosa are all different species.
“Variety†is a group of cultivated plants that have been artificially selected to adapt to certain natural and cultivation conditions, meet the requirements of human society, and have stable genetic traits. It is not a taxonomic unit of plants. It is just a means of production. It is a concept of economic significance. For example, triploid Populus tomentosa is a new species obtained through biotechnology and pollinated with chromosome-doubling Populus trichocarpa pollen. San Maoyang No.1, No.2, and No.3 are just different clones of triploid Populus tomentosa.
The so-called "new varieties" and "Regulations on the Protection of New Plant Varieties of the People's Republic of China" refer to artificial breeding or the development of discovered wild plants, with novelty, specificity, consistency, stability, and appropriate naming. Plant species. The new varieties should first have the consistency and stability of the varieties, and the differences from the varieties are mainly reflected in their novelty and specificity. The State Forestry Administration accepts and examines applications for new plant variety rights according to the Regulations for the Implementation of the Regulations for the Protection of New Plant Varieties of the People's Republic of China. If it meets the conditions, it shall make a decision on the grant of variety rights, issue a certificate of variety rights, and register and make an announcement.
If it is the introduction of other people's varieties, unless there is a genetically variable plant within the variety, and the plant is significantly different from the original variety in terms of importance, the selection of the plant may be different from the original variety. The variety, otherwise it is at best the expansion of the original variety. Even if it differs from the origin in terms of growth rate and adaptability, it is only due to changes in the external environment or the effect of cultivation measures that does not change the original variety. It is impossible to breed a new breed, and the selection within the clone is invalid.
"Breeded" is an abbreviation of "excellent species" and is defined in the national standard "Recognized Code for Forest Variety". The improved species of forest trees are artificially selected. Through rigorous tests and appraisals, it has been proved that the yield, quality, and other major traits are apparent in suitable areas. It is superior to the local planting tree species or cultivars, and it has production value propagation materials. Therefore, the introduction of improved varieties of forest trees has strict review procedures. The state has specific indicators for improved varieties. The performance of fine varieties and fine characteristics is also strictly confined within a certain geographical range. The performance of Grade A is not necessarily excellent in Grade B and it is not suitable. The cultivation measures and the excellent characteristics of the improved varieties will not be fully demonstrated, and sometimes they may not meet the requirements of the improved varieties and may not be as good as those of ordinary varieties. Therefore, to leave a certain geographical concept and the corresponding mode of operation to talk about thoroughbreds is of no practical value. The argument that a species is rampant is unscientific.
Generally speaking, new varieties should be varieties that have outstanding performance in certain forms. Researchers use their energy for a lifetime, and the target characters of cultivated varieties should also be specifically needed for production. However, new varieties must be used in production, especially if they are promoted as large varieties in production, they must pass the examination and approval by relevant departments. The validation of improved varieties is not the granting of new varieties of rights, but only the use of new varieties with extended value as improved varieties. One kind of proof of qualifications; same breeds are not necessarily all new varieties, good wild resources for cultivation and domestication, excellent old species that are still used in production, and excellent native tree species that have value for development and use. Use and promotion. Therefore, the new breed may be a good seed needed in production, but it cannot be said that the new breed must be a thoroughbred, especially the so-called “new varieties†and “competent breeds†that have not granted the right to a new variety and have not passed the thorough examination of breeds. The degree will be greatly reduced.
The "Seed Law of the People's Republic of China" clearly stipulates that the main tree species should pass national or provincial certification prior to promotion and application; tree species that have been verified without passing the examination and approval shall not be operated or promoted as improved seeds, but production needs to be used. They shall be subject to review by the forestry administrative department of the people's government at or above the provincial level and reported to the forest species approval committee at the same level; and the main tree species that have passed the review at the national or provincial level shall be respectively the forestry administrative department of the State Council or the provincial forestry administrative director. The department issued an announcement and issued a forest variety certificate.
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