Dairy goats are small, grass-fed animals that serve as a valuable source of milk. They typically have a lactation period lasting 8 to 10 months, producing an average of 500 to 600 kg of milk per cycle, with a milk fat content of around 3.9%. These animals can give birth to 1 to 3 kids per litter and are known for their lively nature, strong disease resistance, and fast breeding rate. They thrive on a diet of wild grasses, leaves, vines, melon beans, and grains, making them ideal for small-scale farming. With low investment and quick returns, raising dairy goats is a practical way to meet the growing demand for fresh milk. Below are key farming techniques to ensure successful goat rearing.
(1) **Breed Selection**: Choosing the right breed is crucial for high milk yield. The Saanen or Laoshan breeds, or their crossbreeds, are highly recommended due to their superior productivity. A good dairy goat should have a long head, neck, and body, with a tall, agile, and robust build.
(2) **Feeding Lambs**: Newborn lambs must receive colostrum within the first few hours of birth, as it provides essential nutrients, immunity, and promotes healthy growth. For the first four days, they should be fed only whole milk, 4 times daily. From day 4 to 80, a mix of milk and soft fodder, along with a small amount of salt and bone broth, is suitable. After 120 days, lambs should transition to mainly forage, with minimal milk. Weaning should occur gradually.
(3) **Breeding Practices**: Dairy goats are seasonal breeders, with peak mating occurring in autumn. They can be bred once they reach 12 to 14 months of age. The gestation period lasts between 114 to 159 days, averaging about 150 days.
(4) **Lactating Ewes Management**: During early lactation, feeding should focus on high-quality forages, allowing free access. As milk production increases, adjust feed based on the ewe’s condition, appetite, and udder development. Milk output peaks between 30 to 40 days post-birth, requiring increased nutritional intake. High-quality hay, silage, and root vegetables should be provided. As milk declines, reduce concentrate gradually. Ensure constant access to clean water and salt.
(5) **Milking Routine**: Before milking, warm the udder with hot water to stimulate milk flow. The number of milkings depends on the volume—two to three times per day. If each milking yields around 5 kg, three sessions are recommended.
(6) **Dry Period**: After 10 months of milking, the goat enters a dry period to recover and prepare for the next pregnancy. Reducing feed, water, and milking frequency helps restore body condition and supports fetal development. This phase also improves the quality of the next batch of milk.
(7) **Housing and Hygiene**: A well-ventilated, clean, and dry shelter is essential. Goats should be brushed regularly to improve circulation and hygiene. Provide at least 3 hours of outdoor exercise daily and trim hooves as needed. Avoid loud noises near the barn. In summer, ensure proper cooling; in winter, provide warmth and protection from cold winds.
By following these practices, farmers can maximize milk production while maintaining the health and well-being of their dairy goats.
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