Mechanized planting of potatoes can increase the speed of work, save labor and reduce costs, but must be done according to mechanized technical requirements in order to achieve the intended purpose. Comparative experiments in recent years have shown that the average yield per mu is 2157 kg using a single row of supporting machinery, which is 400 kg more than the sowing, cultivating, soil and harvest with wood plow.
Flat
For mechanized planting of potato plots, the terrain should be flat and gentle slopes can be used, but the slope should be small and slow, and the ridge direction should be perpendicular to the contour line of the slope, that is, the ridge should be along the slope. Never choose a plot with high and low slopes and large slopes.
2. Prepare the machine
A single-line supporting machine developed by the Agricultural Machinery Research Institute of Weichang Manchu Mongolian Autonomous County in Hebei Province was selected. According to the amount of work that various machinery can undertake, consider the maintenance time during the operation period and the time of the farm, prepare the machine, and debug the power machine and the working machine before the operation. The amount of work that various machinery can undertake is: in one working season, one single row potato planter can plant 8~13.33 hectares; l single row cultivator can give 16~26.67 hectares of potato field cultivating soil; 1 set A single harvester harvests 8 to 13.33 hectares of potatoes. These machines are equipped with a small tractor of 10.3~13.3 kW (14~18 horsepower).
3. Deep overturning
The plot selected as mechanized planting must be deep-turned to a depth of 20 to 25 cm. The rolling pressure should be repeated and at a certain angle with the ridge to eliminate the sulcus.
4. Fertilizers and pesticides
According to the prescribed quantity, the farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer used as the base fertilizer and the pesticide to be applied should be evenly spread on the ground by artificial or spreader. After the scatter, combine the shovel and put the fertilizer and pesticide into the soil. It is also possible to use a planter equipped with a fertilizer applicator to apply fertilizer and pesticides at the same time as planting.
5. Prepare seed potatoes
For seed potatoes, they must be selected and trapped according to planting requirements. The most important thing is to cut the buds so that each bud reaches 40~50 grams and the size is even. Do not have long or flat pieces of buds to reduce the rate of empty plants and double plants, to ensure that the quality of sowing meets the agronomic requirements.
6. Standard seeding
The sowing conditions for mechanized potato planting are the same as for general planting, but when planted with a potato planter, ditching, buds and covering soil can be completed at one time. When planting with a potato planter, it is necessary to adjust the seeding depth and the thickness of the soil so that the sowing depth is about 10 cm and the thickness of the covering soil is about 15 cm. Seeding specifications, line spacing is 90 cm, plant spacing 20 cm, or line spacing is 80 cm, plant spacing 22 cm. The planting density is about 3,700 trees per mu. The line spacing can no longer be small, otherwise it will not be able to use tractors for field management and harvesting. It should also be noted that the line spacing must be uniform, otherwise it is easy to injure the seedlings when cultivating the soil with a tractor, so that the number of trees is reduced.
7. Field management
Field management of mechanized potato cultivation is the same as general planting. Within 1 week after sowing, use the light wood raft or firewood drag to carry out 1 seedling tow, so that the soil can be broken and the soil can be warmed and protected. The cultivating soil, topdressing and weeding should be carried out twice, the first time after the emergence of the seedlings, and the second time when the seedling height is 15-20 cm, each time the thickness of the soil is about 5 cm. When cultivating the soil, the angle, depth and width of the ploughshare and the plough must be adjusted to ensure that neither the seedlings nor the soil can be cultivated.
8. Mechanical harvest
　　 About 10 days before the harvest, the mash or mash is first rolled to age the potato skin to reduce the breakage of the potato chips during harvesting. The key to mechanical harvesting is to adjust the depth of the plough to the soil before the harvester enters the ground. It is easy to damage the potato pieces when it is shallow, and it is not clean. If it is too deep, it will waste power. The potato and soil are not well separated, and it is easy to lose potatoes. In addition, the speed of the shaker screen should be adjusted to ensure that the potato and soil are well separated and the potato is not lost. If the soil moisture is large, the harvester can move slowly to separate the potato and the soil, otherwise the potato pieces will fall into the soil and be buried in the soil.