The use of compound feed for high-input and high-output fish intensive culture is a commonly used mode of culture in pond fish farming. In this type of farming, feed costs can account for more than 60% of the cost of culture. In the current situation where the efficiency of the pond culture is low and the efficiency is hard to obtain, how to reduce the cost of feed has become the key to increasing the efficiency of pond aquaculture.
The cost of fish feed for ponds is determined by the feed price and the feed coefficient. Under the current fierce competition in the feed market, there is no room for price reduction in high quality feeds. Therefore, high quality feeds are used to improve feed utilization and reduce feed efficiency. , become a key factor in reducing feed costs.
There are many factors that affect the feed coefficient, including: the quality of fish species and feed, environmental factors, farming methods, feeding management techniques, fish diseases, wintering, climate conditions during the breeding period. Recognizing this, scientific selection and human control can be performed to achieve the goal of reducing the feed coefficient.
First, stocking fish should be quality and quantity sufficient, highlighting the main fish breeding fish with excellent traits of the high rate of digestion and absorption of feed, and the growth of fish is fast, its feed coefficient is low. Therefore, we must choose stocks with excellent genetic traits, complete fins, distinctive body color, and strong physique. When stocking fish, we must also pay attention to the accuracy of stocking, so as to avoid lack of stocking, so that the amount of feed is too large, the feed coefficient increases, resulting in feed wastage. In addition, in the breeding stocking mode, a high-quality fish that feed pellet feeds should be the main ingredient, and the stocking specifications should be the same to match other fishes properly, so that feeds suitable for the nutritional needs of the main fish can be selected. , Improve feed palatability and utilization.
Second, the choice of comprehensive and reasonable quality pellet feed quality is the most important factor in determining the level of the feed coefficient, and the quality of the feed is directly related to the quality of feed ingredients, feed formulation optimization, and feed processing technology. When we choose pellet feed, we must carefully investigate the above situation and choose large-scale, reputable feed manufacturers to purchase products. The high-quality pellet feed has comprehensive nutrition, low feed coefficient, small degree of pollution to the environment, and corresponding reduction in water injection and disease prevention, and can also reduce the cost of breeding.
In addition, different kinds of fish or the same kind of fish have different requirements for nutrients in different growth stages and environments. Therefore, when selecting feedstuffs, we must use a reasonable formula and suitable feed size according to the feeding habits, individual size, and nutritional requirements of the main farmed fish, so that it has a good palatability, which is conducive to feeding and growth of the main fish and reducing feed. loss.
Third, the correct feeding of the hand-twisted feed The lack of feeding will cause the fish to lose weight, slow growth, decline in stress resistance, and low yield and benefit; excessive feeding will result in wastage of feed, increase of feed coefficient, and water environment. Increased pollution, increased feed costs and aquaculture costs. Therefore, correctly determining and understanding the amount of fish feed is an important factor in reducing feed costs.
First of all, we can determine the bait rate based on the water temperature of the aquaculture water at the time of feeding, and then we can calculate the correct feeding amount based on the weight of the fish in the water. In the specific feeding, we must also carefully observe and flexibly control, according to the weather, water quality, fish feeding conditions, appropriate increase or decrease the amount of feeding. The weather is clear, the water quality is good, and the fish eats well and can vote more than necessary. On the contrary, less or no investment.
Fourth, adopt a scientific feeding method Pond fish farming, generally using domestication to make the fish floating feeding method of feeding, in accordance with the "timing, quantitative, qualitative, positioning," the principle of feeding, this can facilitate the observation of fish feeding conditions, Reduce feed wastage. Feeding is not enough when you are full of hunger, so that fish eat uneven, affecting digestion and growth. In addition, according to the size of the fish body and the water temperature, several times a day feeding. The smaller the fish size, the more the number of feedings per day; within the appropriate temperature range, the higher the water temperature, the higher the amount of feeding and the number of feedings. In summary, the use of a small number of multiple feeding methods saves the feed more than one feeding.
Fifth, focus on water quality regulation, create a good ecological environment, good water quality, can promote fish growth, improve feed utilization, reduce the feed coefficient. Therefore, during the breeding season, especially during the growing season, it is necessary to regularly adjust the water quality by adding new water, splashing lime, and raising the growth machine. In addition, the water environment factors, the greatest impact on the feed coefficient is the water temperature and water quality, within the appropriate temperature range, with the increase in water temperature, dissolved oxygen, fish metabolism is strong, feed conversion rate. Therefore, we must pay special attention to the regulation of water quality, maintain good water quality, make the pool water contain a high dissolved oxygen content, maintain the transparency of the pool water by about 30cm, and create a good water environment for farmed fish, which will help improve feed utilization and promote fish Grow.
Six, pay attention to the fish disease in the course of the prevention and treatment of fish diseases, it will affect the feeding of fish, sick fish even if ingested, the feed utilization rate is not high, resulting in feed wastage. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the prevention of fish diseases. The main preventive measures include: thorough cleaning of ponds, killing of various pathogens and wild fish; excavation of excessive silt to prevent the growth of various pathogens; fish stocks should be strictly sterilized, not to allow the fish species to bring bacteria to the pool, and Disinfection of wounds; daily attention should be paid to add new water, and regularly throw lime and disinfectants to disinfect the body of water, regulate water quality; regularly feeding medicinal bait to prevent the occurrence of a variety of harmful fish diseases.
In addition, the overwintering of fish causes the weight of the fish to decrease by about 10%, resulting in an increase in the feed coefficient after winter; if the breeding season is overcast and rainy, the temperature changes greatly, the high temperature weather is high, and the fish consumes large amounts of water. This can lead to fish farming. The feed coefficient rose.
In short, reducing the cost of fish feed for ponds is a comprehensive technical task. We must increase awareness and scientific management in order to achieve the goal of increasing the economic efficiency of fish farming in ponds.
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