In the wine making process, the common techniques for water treatment are softening, ion exchange, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration and the like. However, since the water treatment operators are not professional, after all, they often have a poor handling capacity, and the equipment management is not strict. The wine will have different wine quality, and various water treatment methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Reverse osmosis process technology is a water treatment technology that uses membrane separation. With the advancement of membrane science research and manufacturing processes, reverse osmosis water treatment technology has developed rapidly.
The brewing process is constantly innovating, the production capacity of the wine is expanding, and the consumption level of the wine is rising. The quality of the wine has become the most basic factor affecting the growth of market sales. High quality, high price and high enjoyment, low quality, low price and low taste have become the winemaking and The consensus of wine tasters. Speaking with wine, using wine to let consumers taste consumption, and improving wine quality has become the full action of the wine industry. There are many ways to improve the quality of the wine, but water is the most basic and most important factor.
As the saying goes, one side of the water brews a wine, all regions of the country have their own local wine tastes, and the preservation of the wines representing the region is the main axis of the development of local famous wine brands. Scientific development, technological advancement, the replacement of craftsmanship, and the improvement of taste habits constantly show the impact of wine crafts on wine quality. Wine merchants and wine tasters often encounter the effects of water on wine.
Turbidity: The wine itself is a solution of a gelatinous body. If there is no other substance, the liquor itself has excellent stability, no suspended matter, impurities precipitated, and the wine is clear and transparent. When the alcohol and acid in the wine are in contact with the metal ions in the water, positive and negative charges will be neutralized, the colloid will be dissolved, and the particulate matter will appear, and turbidity will appear in the wine. This turbidity is caused by the presence of metal ions, mineral ions, etc. in the water.
Salty taste: mainly due to the high hardness of the water, carrying sodium and other metal salts, brewing without treatment, can cause the wine to be salty, or in the current commonly used water treatment process equipment, the operation of the residual sodium and water mixed The process also makes the wine salty.
Astringency: It is also called iron shovel and rust smell. The reason is that the content of metal ions such as iron, manganese and tin in water exceeds the standard. Especially in the northern region, most of the brewing water comes from well water. The iron and manganese content in well water in northern areas exceeds the standard. Untreated or incompletely treated, the water seems to be clear and transparent, but the iron and manganese content in the water is still high, which will have an impact on the taste of the wine.
Bitter taste: also known as bitterness. The bitterness of water quality in wine production is generally due to high alkalinity, high hardness, and high content of sulfates. Such water is not treated or treated in water treatment equipment. Mistakes will directly increase the taste of the wine.
Others will not elaborate on the impact of water on the quality of the wine. This article will mainly introduce the new water treatment technology in the brewing process.
In the wine making process, the common techniques for water treatment are softening, ion exchange, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration and the like. However, since the water treatment operators are not professional, after all, they often have a poor handling capacity, and the equipment management is not strict. The wine will have different wine quality, and various water treatment methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is impossible to treat all the water content, and it is impossible to fundamentally improve the quality of the wine. In view of the problems of the above technologies over the years, this paper introduces a new process water treatment technology, reverse osmosis membrane water treatment equipment. The equipment described in this paper has been applied in Harbin Beidahuang Brewing Group, and the users have responded positively.
Reverse osmosis process technology is a water treatment technology that uses membrane separation. With the advancement of membrane science research and manufacturing processes, reverse osmosis water treatment technology has developed rapidly.
From 1950, Reid and Hassler of the University of Florida in the United States proposed reverse osmosis seawater desalination. In 1953, Reid and Bretom confirmed the desalting ability of cellulose acetate membrane in the laboratory. In 1960, California, USA. The University's Loed and Sourirajan developed the world's first asymmetric cellulose acetate membrane. Later, new reverse osmosis membrane products were developed, from the initial acetate asymmetric membrane to the cross-linking fragrance made by surface polymerization. A polyamide composite film. From the high-pressure cellulose acetate membrane to the low-pressure composite membrane to the ultra-low pressure composite membrane and nanofiltration membrane, the form of the membrane is gradually diversified.
The development of reverse osmosis water treatment technology has made it a leader in all water desalination methods. Currently, the capacity of reverse osmosis devices worldwide has exceeded 12 million/ton per day. Since the 1990s, it is still 20% annually. The speed is increasing. In addition to its use in brackish water and seawater desalination, reverse osmosis is also widely used in various fields such as pure water preparation, wastewater treatment, drinking water, beverage and chemical product concentration and recycling processes.
Reverse osmosis water treatment technology is basically a physical method. It uses physical and chemical processes to have the advantages that traditional water treatment methods do not have on many reverse sides:
Reverse osmosis is the use of a non-phase-change physical method to dilute and purify water at room temperature.
Water treatment relies only on *pressure as the driving force, and its energy consumption is the lowest among many treatment methods.
It does not require a large amount of chemical agents and acid and alkali regeneration treatment.
No chemical waste liquid and waste acid, alkali discharge, no waste acid, alkali neutralization treatment process, no environmental pollution.
The system is simple, easy to operate, and the product water quality is stable, and high purity water can be obtained.
Applicable to a wide range of raw water quality, suitable for the treatment of brackish water, seawater and sewage, as well as for low-salt freshwater treatment.
The equipment has a small footprint and requires less space.
Operational maintenance and equipment maintenance are extremely low.
Reverse osmosis has obvious advantages for many pure water use departments, and it has excellent features that are difficult to compare with conventional ion exchange treatment methods, such as:
The effect of removing silica from the water is good, and the removal rate can reach 99.5%, which avoids the difficulty of regeneration of the ion exchange resin in the natural water and the short operation cycle.
Removal of organic matter and colloidal substances in water, the removal rate can reach 95%.
The reverse osmosis water treatment system can continuously produce water, and there is no operation such as stopping regeneration during operation.
China began to develop reverse osmosis membranes in the mid-1960s, not far from abroad, but due to raw material and basic industrial conditions, the production of membrane components
Low performance and high production costs. In recent years, several imported production lines have been produced one after another, which has greatly improved the domestic film production level. The domestic reverse osmosis water treatment technology began in the late 1970s and has been developed and applied in the following aspects.
Large-scale reverse osmosis devices are commonly used in modern production enterprises. The country has accumulated rich experience in design, construction and operation in this field.
Using seawater or brackish water as raw water, reverse osmosis is used to solve the problem of fresh water shortage and drinking water. Seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants have emerged in coastal areas of China, and large-capacity desalination plants of 240 tons/hour or more have been built to supply water for power plants, petrochemicals and drinking water plants.
The application of drinking water treatment has been greatly developed. Foreign large-scale reverse osmosis or nanofiltration devices are mostly used in urban water supply systems. The domestic reverse osmosis devices for drinking water use are also small and medium-sized units of tens of tons or less per hour. With the development of the economy and the popularization of membrane technology, reverse osmosis centralized water supply systems have emerged in urban communities, hotels and restaurants. It is expected that the application in this field will have good prospects.
Reverse osmosis is also known as reverse osmosis (RO). The solvent in the solution is separated by a reverse osmosis membrane with a certain pressure. Because it is opposite to the direction of natural infiltration, it is called reverse osmosis. According to the different osmotic pressure of various materials, the reverse osmosis method larger than the osmotic pressure can be separated, extracted, purified and concentrated. Under normal temperature conditions, the solute and water can be separated or concentrated, so the energy consumption is low, the impurity removal range is wide, the inorganic salts and various organic impurities can be removed, and the water reuse rate is high.
The reverse osmosis membrane has a small pore size, and it can remove ions in the filtrate and organic substances with a small molecular weight, such as bacteria, viruses, heat sources, and the like. Widely used in desalination, electronic, biomedical pure water, purified water, distilled water preparation, alcohol production and hardness reduction, chemical process concentration, separation, purification and water distribution, boiler replenishment desalination soft water, paper, electroplating, printing and dyeing And other industries use water and wastewater treatment.