Sabina Fork Sabina Xinjiang Sapaya
Species Name: Sabina
Scientific Name: Sabina vulgaris (Ant.)
Common Names: Fork Cypress, Xinjiang Cypress
Section: Boke
Genus: Sabina
Distribution: Native to the Tianshan and Altai Mountains in Xinjiang, as well as Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Gansu’s Qilian Mountains, and Shaanxi’s Yulin area. It thrives at elevations between 1,100 and 2,800 meters, typically found in rocky mountainous regions and sandy areas. It has also been introduced in cities like Beijing and Xi’an.
Characteristics: Sabina is an evergreen shrub that rarely exceeds 1 meter in height. Its branches are dense and spread at an angle, with fine branchlets about 1 mm in diameter, appearing suborbicular.
Leaf Type: Thorny leaves are typically found on young plants, arranged opposite or in whorls of three. Scale-like leaves appear on older trees, often opposite, rhombic in shape, with a blunt or pointed tip. A distinct gland is present on the mid-dorsal surface.
Cones: Develop at the tips of curved branches and are triangular in shape.
Flowering: April to May; Fruiting: September to October.
Habitat: Thrives in sunny, cool, and dry climates. It is highly tolerant of cold, drought, and poor soil conditions. Sabina has a deep and well-developed root system, forming a dense network of fine roots within a 10–60 cm soil layer. This allows it to sprout vigorously and resist wind erosion, making it ideal for desertification control and soil conservation in arid and semi-arid regions.
Sabina vulgaris is commonly found on fixed and semi-fixed sandy lands. After acclimation, it adapts well to sandy loess hills and fertile soils. With proper pruning, it can develop multiple lateral branches, forming a neat, slender structure suitable for hedges.
It is adaptable, fast-growing, and easy to cultivate.
Propagation Method: Due to its low seed germination rate and long dormancy period, seed propagation is not commonly used. Instead, cuttings are the preferred method. Use 3-year-old thick branches, 30 cm long and 0.5–0.7 cm in diameter, ideally with a cutting plug. Soak them in water or bury them in moist sand.
The best time for planting cuttings is early spring after the last frost. Fall cuttings can be done from early September to early October. Spacing should be 20 cm x 30 cm or 10 cm x 20 cm. Rooting is slow, usually taking 60–70 days. Keeping the cutting bed moist and well-ventilated is crucial for survival.
If using a greenhouse or small shed, cuttings can be planted before freezing. With proper daily care, they can be transplanted to the nursery in late spring. Timely irrigation significantly improves survival rates. Using nutrient bags for cuttings also results in high survival and rapid growth.
Application: Sabina cypress is known for its elegant appearance and strong adaptability. It is widely used for slope stabilization, sand fixation, and soil and water conservation. It is an excellent tree species for afforestation in northern and northwestern China.
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