At present, there is a phenomenon of blind fertilization in apple production. This not only makes it difficult to increase fruit production and quality, but also causes waste of fertilizer and affects the further development of the fruit industry. According to the author's investigation in recent years, the existing problems and improvement measures are described below for reference.
The wrong time is the application of basal fertilizer. Many fruit growers are used to producing base fertilizers in spring. The second is top dressing application. Many fruit growers fertilize their plants from flowering to maturity, and when they think of it, they apply it. Spring basal fertilization has low soil temperature and slow transformation. This delays the effect of fertilizer. In the fall, the new shoots that should have been stopped and the short shoots that are undergoing flower bud differentiation have been re-grown in the fall, and the flower buds have been formed less. In addition, the use of basal fertilization in spring will affect the flowering results.
Improvements: Generally, three key periods of fertilization should be seized. One is autumn basal fat. Early and mid-maturing varieties were carried out after harvest, and late-maturing varieties were carried out in October. It applies organic fertilizers throughout the year and 60% topdressing, with phosphorus and potash fertilizers as the main ingredients. The second is to apply fertilizer before flowering. Regardless of saplings, fruit trees, or senescence trees, the spring shoots are a little longer to benefit the robust trees. When the spring shoot growth period is over, fertilization is already late. Therefore, fertilization before flowering is applied before flowering, and all calcium is applied. Trace elements such as boron, zinc, iron, etc., and 20% of top-dressing fertilizers throughout the year are mainly nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. The third is to apply fruit enlargement fat. According to practice in recent years, early and mid-maturing varieties are suitable for late-maturing varieties in late July and late-maturing varieties are suitable at the end of July. The effects of premature and late-maturing are not ideal. They apply 20% of top-dressing fertilizers throughout the year and are mainly based on potash fertilizer. .
The method is not too uniform. If there is an overturning of the entire garden, the roots below 20 cm will not receive fertilizer. In the long term, the root system will rise to about 0 to 10 centimeters. It is not drought tolerant to wind. Because the underlying root system is less susceptible to alternation between dry and wet, the pericarp is easily cleft. The second is that the fertilization is too shallow. According to the survey, 70% of the wafers have fertilization on the ground and then watered. In doing so, the easily soluble urea is better, and most of the infusible compound fertilizer remains on the surface or shallow surface. Causes the waste of fertilizer to be wasted. Third, fertilization is too close to the trunk. Some people believe that the more the fertilizer is applied to the tree trunk, the more the root system can absorb it. In fact, the roots and roots of the trunk are all fixed and the absorption capacity is basically lost. Fourth, fertilization is too concentrated. Most of the digging pit fertilization will dig 4 pits. The number of pits is too small to allow most of the root system to absorb nutrients.
Improvement measures: First, basal fertilizer, requiring the whole garden to apply deep turning, radial gully application and annular gully application each year. The depth of applicator deep turning should reach 20 cm or more. The requirements of radial trenches are to open 8 trenches in the tree tray, each 25 cm wide and 20 cm deep. The requirement of annular groove application is to excavate an annular groove around the crown of the canopy on the ground perpendicular to the outer edge of the canopy. The width and depth are 25 cm and 20 cm, respectively, and they are usually carried out with shovels. The second is topdressing. The methods are generally circular, radial, and acupuncture. They are also required to be used alternately and staggered as much as possible. Such as basal groove fertilization, top dressing should be radial, and the depth and width of top dressing should be shallower, narrower, generally with a hoe to open the ditch (points).
The number is not 80% of the investigation of the use of organic fertilizer (human and animal excreta, animal and plant residues, etc.) can not meet the requirements, and 50% of the garden does not apply organic fertilizer once a year.
Improvement method: First, increase organic fertilizer. If the new garden is planted, deepen it by 50 centimeters, apply more than 1000 kilograms of weeds or 1 cubic meter of human and livestock excreta per acre, and then apply 1 cubic meter of human and livestock excreta each year, and cover the straw and weeds. In the full fruit orchard, at least 3 cubic meters of pure human and livestock excreta are applied per mu, and straw and weeds are covered at the same time. In the aging period, the number of organic fertilizers is also increased.
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