**Early Harvesting Pear Cultivation Techniques: Xianli No. 1 Variety**
Xianli No. 1 is a newly developed variety of pear, bred and selected by the Western High-Quality Agricultural Research and Development Corporation. This variety has gained popularity due to its early maturity, high quality, and excellent commercial value. Here's a detailed guide on cultivating this high-yield and high-quality pear variety.
**Key Characteristics of Xianli No. 1:**
- **Early Maturity:** Typically matures between early July and mid-July.
- **Superior Quality:** Tender, crisp, juicy, and sweet flesh with about 12% soluble solids.
- **Excellent Commercial Value:** Uniform fruit shape, bright yellow skin, and high market appeal.
- **High Yield:** Strong tree vigor, easy to form flower buds, and high fruit set rate. It starts bearing fruit within two years and is widely favored by both growers and consumers.
In 2001, it was recognized as a high-quality, early-maturing variety in southern China by the Ministry of Agriculture's Quality Agricultural Products Service Center.
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**Cultivation Techniques for High Yield and Quality**
**1. Site Selection and Preparation**
- **Soil Choice:** Prefer loose, deep soil with good drainage and high fertility. Avoid areas with high groundwater levels.
- **Planting Time:** Best planted from late November to mid-December. Early winter planting helps root healing and improves survival rates.
- **Seedlings:** Choose healthy, one-year-old seedlings with a height of at least 120 cm, strong roots, and no signs of pests or disease.
- **Spacing:** Plant in a north-south direction with a spacing of 3 meters by 2 meters, resulting in approximately 111 plants per acre.
- **Hole Preparation:** Dig large planting holes (80 cm wide and 40–50 cm deep), mix organic manure and superphosphate with subsoil, and backfill carefully.
- **Root Care:** Trim damaged roots, remove grafting film, and soak long-distance seedlings in water before planting.
**2. Fertilization Management**
- **Base Fertilizer:** Apply decomposed organic manure (20–30 kg for young trees, 50 kg for mature ones) along with superphosphate during September–October after harvest.
- **Topdressing:** Apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers at key growth stages:
- **Spring Growth:** Nitrogen-rich fertilizer before bud break.
- **Post-Flowering:** Promote new shoot growth and prevent fruit drop.
- **Fruit Enlargement:** Potash-based fertilizer to improve fruit size and quality.
- **Post-Harvest:** Boost nutrient storage and leaf health.
- **Foliar Spraying:** Use low-concentration solutions (e.g., urea, potassium phosphate) to supplement nutrients directly on leaves. Best applied in the morning or afternoon when weather is calm.
**3. Fruit Thinning and Bagging**
- **Thinning:** Remove excess fruits 20 days after flowering to ensure proper fruit size and quality. Keep 1–2 fruits per 20–25 cm of branch.
- **Bagging:** Use light-yellow paper bags to protect fruits from pests and improve appearance. Ensure thorough insecticide application before bagging.
**4. Pruning and Tree Training**
- **Training:** Set a trunk height of about 50 cm, remove unwanted buds, and promote three main branches.
- **Branch Angle Adjustment:** Pull branches to 70° before June to improve light exposure and promote early fruiting.
- **Winter Pruning:** Focus on shortening major branches while leaving others uncut to maintain balance and productivity.
**5. Pest and Disease Control**
- **Common Diseases:** Rust, scab, ring rot, and dry rot.
- **Pests:** Aphids, beetles, caterpillars, mites, and fruit borers.
- **Control Methods:**
- **Agricultural Practices:** Healthy seedlings, proper pruning, and orchard sanitation.
- **Physical Controls:** Light traps and vinegar lures.
- **Biological Controls:** Natural predators and microbial pesticides.
- **Chemical Controls:** Use targeted, low-toxicity pesticides according to pest cycles.
**6. Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling**
- **Harvest Time:** When the fruit skin turns from dark green to light green or yellow, and the seeds turn brown.
- **Harvesting Method:** Pick carefully using soft cloth to avoid damage. Harvest in dry conditions, preferably in the morning or after 4 PM.
- **Grading:** Sort fruits by size, color, and quality before packaging for sale.
By following these techniques, growers can achieve high yields, superior fruit quality, and better market returns. With proper care and management, Xianli No. 1 is an excellent choice for modern pear cultivation.
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