Causes of watermelon malformation? How to prevent?
Malformed fruit is the general name of flat melon, melon melon and gourd melon. In the process of fruit development, watermelon suffers from unfavorable climatic conditions or improper cultivation techniques. It is easy to form malformed fruits, which reduces the yield and the commodity, directly affecting the income of farmers.
Flat melon: Mainly occurs in round fruit type, due to the unbalanced development of the longitudinal and transverse diameters of watermelon fruit. The development of watermelon fruit is characterized by the longitudinal development in the early stage and the horizontal development in the middle and later stages. If the temperature is low in the early stage of fruit development, the fruit grows slowly in the longitudinal direction, and it is difficult to reach the proper development rate. The temperature in the middle and later stages of fruit development is appropriate, and the horizontal development speed of the fruit is accelerated, thereby forming a flat fruit whose transverse diameter is larger than the longitudinal diameter. The external feature of the flat melon is that the fruit shoulder is wide and the fruit part is concave. The internal feature is that the skin becomes thicker, the hollows appear hollow, and the fibers increase.
æª æª åˆ åˆ: Also known as head squash. It refers to the fruit on the one side of the watermelon that is fully swollen and on the other side is stunted. There are two main reasons for the formation of melons. The first is the differentiation of flower buds (1-5 true leaf stages) of watermelon, and the formation of malformed flowers is encountered at low temperatures, while malformed flowers will develop into malformed fruits. Second, flowering and fertilization during fruiting and fruiting is poor, resulting in unequal distribution of seeds in the fruit. The parts with more seeds are correspondingly enlarged. There are no seed parts, and the fruit develops slowly, thus forming melons.
Gourd gourd: Long or oval fruit varieties are prone to occur. Its characteristic is that the fruit shoulder (near the fruit shank) is not fully developed, but the middle fruit and the fruit pedicle are normally developed, forming a big head and a small fruit. The reason for this is the lack of fertilizer and water in the early and middle stages of the results, especially the lack of water, poor plant growth, falling pods, diseases and insect pests, etc., which seriously impeded the development of young fruit. The late development of fruit development conditions, the rapid development of fruit and form a gourd shape. The preventive measures are to swell the melon water immediately after the fruit is retreated, in combination with topdressing and guar melon fertilizer.
Although the cause of the formation of various types of malformed fruit is slightly different, the common feature is that it suffers from low temperatures during flower bud differentiation or female flower development, and it is easy to form malformed flowers and develop into malformed fruit; flowering fruit period encounters high temperature and drought, pollen germination Reduced rate, resulting in poor pollination and fertilization, insufficient fertilizer or water during fruit enlargement, or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, imbalance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil; retention of guaranzo node too low or too high, affecting the supply of fruit by assimilation; artificial pollination technology errors, Conduct pollinated pollination; pests and diseases, especially virus disease hazards, can all lead to the formation of malformed fruit. Specific measures should be taken to prevent it.
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