First, factor analysis
1. Unfavorable climatic factors Watermelon is a thermophilic crop, its growth and development temperature is 15-35 °C, 25-30 °C as the optimum temperature, 15 °C below 40 °C will inhibit growth, birth defects, female flowers and ovary Dysplasia results in fruit drop and melons. The low-temperature olivary light causes the plant stems to elongate, reduces the tenacity and elasticity of the plant tissues, so that the excessive vegetative growth can not be normally transferred to the reproductive growth and the disease is severe, resulting in fruitless fruits and falling fruits and melons. At the same time, male flowers and pollen development do not completely affect pollination and fruit set. Rainfall during flowering, low temperature and low sunshine, rain fell on the stigma and anther, resulting in pollen abortion can not be properly fertilized, without timely artificial pollination and rain measures, so a direct impact on fruit set.
2. Improper cultivation and management, improper growth and development disorders, poor seedling management, weak seedling growth, and poor flowering of female flowers and ovary. After the extension of vines, the management of the field was not timely, resulting in an increase in the degree of field deterrence, excessive nutrient growth, and decreased ventilation and light transmission among plants, resulting in fruit settling or fruit failure. The unreasonable pressure of twigs and twigs is inconsistent with the relationship between “promoting†and “controllingâ€, and the vigorous growth of nutrition can not normally transfer into normal reproductive growth and affect fruit setting. Manual artificial pollination during flowering is not timely and incomplete, so that disruption of pollen grains does not result in normal fertilization resulting in poor fruit setting.
3, improper management of water and fertilizer caused by improper growth of physiological disorders of watering, topdressing too early, nitrogen fertilizer is too much, phosphorus, potassium, calcium deficiency can cause poor watermelon fruit set. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and organic fertilizers is not proper, and the supply of nutrient elements is insufficient or nutrients are not coordinated, resulting in leggy plants, resulting in falling flower resistance and reduced fruit resistance. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, nutrient growth, nitrogen absorption of crops for the synthesis of nitrogen compounds. The consumption of carbohydrates in the body greatly impedes or severely restricts the formation of the raw materials that form the cell wall, which makes the whole plant become soft and juicy and grows too prosperous, resulting in mutual shade within the plant population, weakening the light and affecting the photosynthesis of the leaves, and making the plants in vivo. The lack of carbohydrate sources makes the starch content in the stems and leaves significantly reduced, inhibiting the normal transport of stored material in later vegetative organs, vegetative growth can not be transferred to reproductive growth, resulting in poor ovary development, affecting fertilization caused by falling flowers and melons Bad results.
Watermelon flowering and watering before sitting on the melon, so that the water metabolism of the plant over-fermentation, nutrient growth is strong and produce flowering and pomelos and other fruit set.
4. Man-made factors Man-made field management can not keep up, not sharp, do not hit the water, weeds caused by the weeds in the field, reduced ventilation and light transmission, lack of light, soil moisture is too high, the temperature is lower than the minimum normal growth Limited to fruit failure such as falling flowers and melons. The excessive use of foliar fertilizers with high nitrogen content during the vine extension and flowering stages resulted in the frond growth of watermelon stems and the use of high-potassium foliar fertilizers, and the amount and content thereof were too high, leading to a decrease in male flowers and a decrease in female flowers. There are no female flowers at the nodes, female flowers at high nodes have flowering in the rainy season and low temperature conditions to pollen, ovary dysplasia and can not adopt protective measures in time but cannot be fertilized and sitting on the melon, resulting in poor fruit setting.
Second, countermeasures
1. Countermeasures against unfavorable fruiting caused by bad weather For pollen abortion or flowering stages of the melon fields or plants that occur at low temperatures during the flowering period, pollen with better pollen development must be used for artificial pollination to artificially promote fruit setting. For cultivars or plants whose flowering period is low due to the low temperature and light stem vine growth, the lateral branches must be cut off in time to improve the ventilation and light transmission performance, increase the ground temperature, and artificially promote reproductive growth and fruit set. When it rains or when it is raining, it encounters rain. It is necessary to wear a rainproof paper hat and artificially assisted pollination for female flowers to artificially promote fruit setting. The method is: In the afternoon of flowering, go to the field and put on a rainproof paper hat for the female flowers that will be opened the next day. Before 5 o'clock the next morning, pick the male flowers that will be open to the field and put them in containers. In the room where the temperature is suitable and it cannot rain, wait until the male flowers at 6-9 o'clock are open and produce pollen. When the female flowers in the field are already open, take off the rain-proof paper hat to artificially pollinate the pollination, and then give the female flowers rain after pollination. Paper hat.
2. Inappropriate cultivation and management, "promoting" and "controlling" inconsistent countermeasures Strengthen field management at seedling stage, promote strong seedlings through cultivator, fertilization, etc., promote flower bud differentiation, control vegetative growth, promote root growth through pruning and pressure vine after extension period. Growth, improve the ventilation and light transmission between plants, coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and promote the transfer of vegetative growth to reproductive growth.
3, to strengthen water and fertilizer management to improve the rate of sitting seedlings seedlings can be appropriate according to the growth of seedlings fertilizer water once. Usually in the seedlings 4-5 tablets when the tree fertilizer and extension vinegar, pouring hair trees and extending vines. General recovery of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 7.5kg per mu, 8kg of potassium sulfate, dry sky chasing water fertilizer, water chasing grain fertilizer. After flowering, chase the fertilizer once for a fixed period to promote fruit setting. Method is: 7-12 days after flowering, juvenile melon hair removal, urea 10kg per mu, potassium sulfate 10kg, each watering 1-2kg, 20cm away from the melon roots in the ridge far away, 15cm deep eye chase children Shi. The rain catches the grain fertilizer, and the dry sky catches the water fertilizer. This work cannot be done sooner or later. Topdressing watering prematurely tends to drop flowers and young larvae. Late watermelon swells are not good, small, malformed or dried.
4. Strengthen the post-field management to promote pruning, pressure vines, water sluice and timely weeding in order to reduce the degree of canopy closure in the field and improve the permeability and ground temperature to promote fruit setting. Minimize the amount and frequency of foliar fertilizer with higher nitrogen content, promote reproductive growth, and increase fruit setting rate. Reduce the amount and frequency of high-potassium leaf fertilizers, promote the development of female flowers and ovary, and promote fruit setting.
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