The occurrence and control of root knot nematode disease in tea

Distribution and Symptoms: Root-knot nematode disease is commonly found in warm tea-growing regions. It is caused by a tiny nematode that infects the roots of tea plants, leading to the formation of galls or swellings resembling soybeans or rapeseeds. These galls vary in size and can be found on different parts of the root system. Infected roots often become distorted, lack proper rooting, and may have thickened ends. Above ground, the affected plants show stunted growth, weak development, and yellowing leaves. During dry seasons, the leaves tend to fall off easily and the plants may die.

Occurrence Pattern: Root-knot nematodes are aerobic organisms that thrive in dry and semi-dry conditions. They can complete multiple life cycles within a single year. The nematodes are most active when soil temperatures range between 25°C and 30°C and soil moisture is around 50%. They prefer sandy soils with good drainage and loose structure. The first generation of nematodes can develop within 20 to 30 days. They are more commonly found in the upper layers of the soil and become inactive when temperatures drop below 10°C.

Control Methods:

1. Select a suitable area for planting tea seedlings. Avoid using land previously cultivated with crops such as peanuts, melons, legumes, or sweet potatoes, as these can harbor nematodes. During summer, deeply till the soil and expose it to sunlight for about 10 days. This process helps reduce nematode populations in the soil.

2. For existing diseased seedlings, apply phosphate and potash fertilizers to improve plant resistance. Soil disinfection using lime or applying a diluted solution of 1:20 tea dry water has also shown effective results in controlling the nematode infestation. Regular monitoring and early intervention are crucial for long-term management of this disease.

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